P140. Professional Practice (1 s.h.) F.

An introductory course which begins the process of professionalization. Information discussed will assist students in understanding their legal, ethical and professional responsibilities. Pharmaceutical care issues will be discussed.

P142. Social and Economic Aspects of Health Care (2 s.h.) S.

The components, types, and problems of health services in the United States; the role of the pharmacist in health care delivery. Effects of social legislation, issues, and concepts related to national insurance plans.

P146. Drug Information (1 s.h.) S.

This course is designed to familiarize the student with available sources for locating drug information and to help students develop skills needed to effectively utilize these sources.

P233. Pathophysiology/Therapeutics Cardiopulmonary (5 s.h.) F.

The pathophysiology and clinical manifestations of selected cardiac and pulmonary disorders will be presented as a basis for the discussion of rational drug therapy for diseases affecting these organ systems. Monitoring therapeutic outcomes is emphasized.

P237. Pathophysiology/Therapeutics-Endocrine/Metabolic Disorders (3 s.h.) S.

The pathophysiology and clinical manifestations of selected metabolic and endocrine disorders will be presented as a basis for the discussion of rational drug therapy for these disorders. Monitoring therapeutic outcomes is also emphasized.

P246. Pharmaceutical Care Recitation II (1 s.h.) S.

Students work in teams applying their knowledge to develop pharmaceutical care plans for patients with disease states being covered concurrently in the Pathophysiology/Therapeutics Courses. Care plans are presented and discussed in small group recitations.

P248. Communication/ Skills (1 s.h.) F.

This course is designed to provide students with a background in verbal communication skills. A variety of experiences will be provided to help students fine tune their ability to communicate orally.

P254. Biostatistics/Medical Literature Evaluation (2 s.h.) S.

Students will critically analyze and evaluate biomedical literature. The application of common statistical methods in literature evaluation will be emphasized.

P260. Contemporary Pharmacy Practice (2 s.h.) S.

This laboratory course is divided into segments providing students with experience using a pharmacy computer system, performing physical assessment, counseling patients in simulated situations and preparing sterile products.

P270. Pathophysiology/Therapeutics-Gastroenterology/Nutrition (2 s.h.) S.

The pathophysiology and clinical manifestations of selected gastrointestinal and hepatic disorders will be presented as a basis for the discussion of rational drug therapy for diseases affecting these organ systems. The effect of liver disease on drug disposition will be emphasized. Principles of enteral and parenteral nutrition will be covered. Monitoring therapeutic outcomes is also emphasized.

P280. Drugs, Devices, and Consumers (3 s.h.) S.

Drugs of inorganic origin, over-the-counter drugs, and devices based on medical use or therapy. The interaction and relationship of the pharmacist with patient-consumer.

P313. Advanced Pharmacokinetics (3 s.h.) F.

The course sequence is designed to provide the student with exposure to the application of pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic principles as they apply to specific drug classes in various clinical situations. Emphasis will be placed on the use of mathematical principles to predict drug disposition in individual patients. In addition, effect:time and concentration:effect relationships will be explored and application to clinical situations emphasized.

P321. Pathophysiology/Therapeutics-Neurology/Psychiatry (2 s.h.) F.

The pathophysiology and clinical manifestations of selected neurologic, and psychiatric diseases will be presented as a basis for the discussion of rational drug therapy for these conditions. Monitoring therapeutic outcomes is emphasized.

P323. Pathophysiology/Therapeutics-Hematology/Oncology (2 s.h.) F.

The pathophysiology and clinical manifestations of selected hematologic, and oncologic disorders will be presented as a basis for the discussion of rational drug therapy for these diseases. The rational use of supportive therapy in the management of patients receiving chemotherapy will be covered. Monitoring therapeutic outcomes is emphasized.

P332. Pathophysiology/Therapeutics-Immunology/Dermatology/Ophthalmology (2 s.h.) S.

The pathophysiology and clinical manifestations of selected diseases affecting the immune system, skin and eyes will be presented as a basis for the discussion of rational drug therapy for conditions affecting these organ systems. Monitoring therapeutic outcomes is emphasized.

P334. Pathophysiology/Therapeutics-Cardiopulmonary II (2 s.h.) S.

The pathophysiology and clinical manifestations of complex diseases affecting the cardiac, pulmonary and vascular organ systems will be presented as a basis for the discussion of rational drug therapy for these conditions. Monitoring therapeutic outcomes is emphasized.

P338. Pathophysiology/Therapeutics-Renal/Metabolic Disorders II (2 s.h.) S.

The pathophysiology and clinical manifestations of complex renal, metabolic and endocrine disorders will be presented as a basis for the discussion of rational drug therapy for these diseases. Principles of fluid and electrolyte therapy will be covered. Monitoring therapeutic outcomes is emphasized.

P341. Law in Pharmacy (2 s.h.) S.

Fundamental legal concepts that concern the health professional are examined. Also covered are state and federal laws related to the practice of pharmacy.

P347. Pharmaceutical Care Recitation III (1 s.h.) F.

Students work in teams applying their knowledge to develop pharmaceutical care plans for patients with disease states being covered concurrently in the Pathophysiology/Therapeutics Courses. Care plans are presented and discussed in small group recitations.

P348. Pharmaceutical Care Recitation IV/Multisystem Disorders (1 s.h.) S.

Students will utilize the knowledge and skills gained in the previous Pathophysiology/Therapeutics courses and recitations to independently solve drug related problems in patients with diseases affecting multiple organ systems.

P352. Economics of Pharmacy Practice (3 s.h.) F.

This course is designed to review economic considerations of healthcare as they relate to pricing, cost analysis rationing and accessibility. The dynamic changes occurring in health care are explored.

P406. Clerkship/Inpatient Clinical (5 s.h.) F S.

Students will apply their knowledge and skills to actively participate in the care of the hospitalized patient. Students will learn to take responsibility for appropriate drug use, and for identifying and solving drug-related problems in order to improve patient care and health outcomes. Written documentation of student interventions and effective verbal communication with patients and members of the healthcare team will be emphasized.

P407. Clerkship/Ambulatory Care (5 s.h.) F S.

Students will apply their knowledge and skills to actively participate in the care of patients in an ambulatory care setting. Students will learn to take responsibility for appropriate drug use, and for identifying and solving drug-related problems in order to improve patient care and health outcomes. Written documentation of interventions and effective verbal communication with patients and members of the healthcare team will be emphasized.

P408. Clerkship/Community Pharmacy (5 s.h.) F S.

Students will gain experience performing the traditional distributive and compounding responsibilities of the pharmacist while providing pharmaceutical care to patients in a community or chain pharmacy under the supervision of a pharmacist.

P409. Clerkship/Institutional Pharmacy (5 s.h.) F S.

Students will gain experience performing the traditional distributive, and compounding responsibilities of a hospital pharmacist while providing pharmaceutical care to hospitalized patients under the supervision of a pharmacist.

P410 and P411. Clerkship/Elective (5 s.h.) F S.

Students complete two elective clerkships to gain experience in specific practice areas of interest. Rotations in clinical specialties, pharmaceutical industry, managed care, long term care, home health care, clinical research, pharmacy management, teaching, the Public Health Service, and professional organizations are examples of elective clerkship rotations.

P012. Effective Communication for Pharmacists I (1 s.h.)

This course is designed to improve the student's listening comprehension and oral communication skills. The primary focus of the coursework is pronunciation to attain maximum intelligibility of speech and clarity of expression by helping students improve English articulations, stress patterns, rhythm and intonation. The practice assignments well involve communication situations specific to Pharmacy.

P013. Effective Communication for Pharmacists II (1 s.h.)

Prerequisite: Effective Communication for Pharmacists I.

In this course the student will continue to develop communication skills learned in Effective Communication for Pharmacists I.

P239. Introduction to the Provision of Pharmaceutical Care/Recitation (2 s.h.) F.

The didactic component of this course is designed to prepare the student for the subsequent Pathophysiology/Therapeutics courses that focus on the treatment of specific disease states. Concepts to be covered include: 1) developing a pharmaceutical care plan; 2) analysis of laboratory tests and 3) principles of adverse drug reactions and drug interactions. Students will work in teams to develop pharmaceutical care plans, which are presented and discussed in small group recitations.

P346. Practical Politics and Pharmacy (2 s.h. s.h.) S.

This course is designed to be interactive. The students will develop effective advocacy skills, which they will demonstrate through their discussions with state and national representatives. Students will be expected to stay current on pharmacy and related issues by reading professional journals, and using the internet to review state and national association legislative updates, relevant newspaper articles, up to date bill listings and activities on relevant state and federal issues. Students will learn about the backgrounds of their representatives through state and federal rosters.

P350. Advanced Radiopharmaceuticals (3 s.h.)

Prerequisite: P368 Introduction to Nuclear Pharmacy.

Course required for Nuclear Track: Provides additional depth to the topics covered in the introductory course and has laboratories correlated with didactic material. Students will prepare radiopharmaceuticlas, perform quality control tests required by the USP, and the use of instrumentation required in a nuclear pharmacy practice.

P354. Pharmaceutical Care in Ambulatory Practice (2 s.h.)

Course is designed to introduce students to pharmaceutical care services that can be provided by pharmacists in a community or ambulatory setting. Identifying and establishing services that are needed within the community will be emphasized, especially patient education programs. Recommendations for maintenance of normal health and nutrition and methods of counseling to improve compliance with medication regimens will also be emphasized.

P356. Special Topics in Oncology (2 s.h.)

This course will build on the foundation of the Immunology and Oncology Module. It will emphasize the treatment of specific malignancies and malignancy-specific supportive care issues. Educational strategies will include case study evaluation, journal club and traditional lectures/discussions. Class participation will be a significant component. In addition, students will be expected to evaluate one oncology patient in the outpatient Cancer Center reviewing relevant patient data to develop and document a pharmaceutical care plan.

P357. Clinical Nutrition (2 s.h. s.h.) F.

This course covers practical issues in clinical nutrition - from a clinical review of nutrients, and nutrition during health, to nutritional aspects of selected disorders and their management. The focus is on the therapeutic roles for nutrients building on the pathophysiology/therapeutics sequence. It prepares the student to 1.) provide current information on nutrition in health and in disease, 2.) identify, assess, and manage selected nutrition-related disorders, and 3.) understand and rationally manage the patient requiring specialized nutrition support.

P361. Pharmacy Practice for the Geriatric Patient (2 s.h.)

The course is designed to provide students with an understanding of basic concepts and applications unique to geriatric pharmacy practice. Topics include pharmacotherapeutic strategies in relation to wellness, cure or symptomatic relief, and disease prevention in the aged. Through interactive instruction, students will develop the sensitivity, professional attitude, and scope of clinical skills required for providing pharmaceutical care to the elderly. This course also focuses on the aging process. Pharmacotherapeutic planning and intervention, management of selected disease states in the elderly and the pharmacist's role in geriatric care. The use of case study format will allow students to develop and implement therapeutic strategies that will result in an improved quality of life for elderly patients. Students will be required to complete a written assignment.

P365. Outcomes of Diversity in the Pharmacy Profession (3 s.h.) Core: RS.

Course provides student with a global perspective on the influence of racism in pharmacy education, pharmacy practice and minority health care. Students are introduced to demographic and epidemiological data related to ethnicity and health care, and the historical circumstances that have led to the current imbalance regarding and roles played by minority individuals.

P366. Seminar I (2 s.h.)

Course is designed to provide students with the opportunity to develop and refine public speaking skills and experience using audio-visual aids to enhance their presentations. Students will receive instruction on developing professional oral presentations and on the use of computer software to develop audio-visual aids. Each student will present two seminars and will critique their own and their colleagues' seminar presentations. A secondary goal of this course is to inform students about topical therapeutic and health care issues.

P367. Seminar II (2 s.h.)

Prerequisite: Seminar I.

Course will build on the skills developed by students in Seminar I. Students will present a formal 45-minute lecture summarizing their research into a controversial therapeutic issue. In addition to refining formal presentaion skills and developing more complex audio-visual materials, the students will practice locating and evaluating primary literature in preparation for their presentation.

P368. Introduction to Nuclear Pharmacy (3 s.h.)

Discusses the development of nuclear pharmacy as a specialty practice and the role of the pharmacist in the preparation and dispensing of radiopharmaceuticals. Emphasis is on basic properties of radiation, safe handling of radiopharmaceuticals, biological effects of radiation and regulation and control of radioactive material.

P370. Seminar in Pharmaceutical Ethics (2 s.h.)

Course will provide students with the opportunity to identify ethical dilemmas facing pharmacists in their daily practice. Students will develop a process for making ethical decisions and apply this process to scenarios presented throughout the semester.

P372. Current Issues with Medication Errors (2 s.h.)

Course will provide a comprehensive review of the adverse drug event literature providing a deeper understanding of significant drug misadventures including: medication errors, adverse drug reactions, drug interactions and drug allergies. Emphasis will be placed on the identification and prevention of adverse drug events.

P373. Home Infusion Therapy (2 s.h.)

Students will be introduced to practice issues faced by pharmacists providing home infusion therapy. The course will use a lecture and case study format. Topics include reimbursement, psychosocial issues, vascular access devices, equipment, high tech devices, and outcomes/quality improvements. Students will have the opportunity to develop a plan of care for home infusion patients.

P374. Pediatric Therapeutics (2 s.h.)

Principles of drug therapy in the pediatric patient will be discussed. The role of OTC and prescription medications in the management of common pediatric problems will be covered. Student will have the opportunity to review recent articles from pediatric literature.

P376. Women's Health Care (2 s.h.)

Course designed to increase student awareness of health care needs of female patients. The therapeutic management of selected conditions affecting women's health will be covered.

P378. Therapeutics in Critical Care (2 s.h. s.h.) S.

The global objective of this course is to prepare the practitioner to identify, assess, and manage selected disorders seen in acute care settings with attention to preventing/managing drug-related problems. The course is intended to build upon the pathophysiology/therapeutics sequence with information that can be applied to acute care pharmacy practice. It will cover practical issues in acute care (e.g., pharmacist's role in critical care, advanced fluid & electrolyte management, management of renal transplant patients. While pathophysiology and pharmacology will be included, the major focus will be on pharmacotherapeutic management of patients.

P380. Adverse Drug Reactions (2 s.h.)

This course will cover the mechanisms of adverse drug reactions that affect various organ systems of the body. the course will be designed to allow the student to identify the mechanisms of these reactions, the most common drugs involved, treatment of the reactions, and strategies to prevent the occurrence of these reactions.

P381. Clinical Drug Development - Transition from Pre-Clinical to Market (3 s.h.)

The course will provide the student with an introduction to the design and management of the clinical research program from the perspective of the pharmaceutical industry. Discussions will begin with an overview of the business, legal and regulatory issues of the industry, continue with the Investigational New Drug Application process and conclude with the eventual filing of the New Drug Application, including Post Marketing Surveillance of the new drug.

P383. Essentials of Good Clinical Practices in the New Drug Development Process (2 s.h.)

The focus of this course on current good clinical research practices for the development of eventual marketing to the health care community will be on quality an integrity in the conduct of a clinical trial through compliance with existing regulatory standards.

P384. Medication Error Surveillance and Control Planning (2 s.h.)

This course will discuss the most effective ways to detect medication errors, understand their causes, and reduce the risk of making them. Emphasis will be placed upon medication error surveillance, understanding the basis for human and system error, using medication error data effectively, managing the risks associated with medication use, measuring medication safety and the success of error reduction efforts, and establishing a culture of safety. Legal, consumer, and media perspectives on medication safety will also be covered.

P386. Pharmacoepidemiology (2 s.h.)

The principles of epidemiology will be covered as they apply to the analysis of drug use, drug use outcomes in order to identify potential and actual problems and assessment of the quality, efficacy and safety of drugs in specific populations.

P388. Clinical Trial Management (2 s.h.)

Significant changes and advances in clinical research and the adequate protections afforded the human research participant have provided new insights into the drug development process. This course will focus on the translation of these changes and advances to ensure a better understanding of clinical investigation and developing new therapeutic modalities from the clinical site's perspective.

P389. Research (1-3 s.h.)

Three hours of research equal 1 s.h. of credit.