With more than fifty career opportunities, Pharm.D. graduates can specialize in nutritional support, psychiatry, cardiology, pediatrics, geriatrics, pharmacokinetics, and ambulatory care, just to name a few. They may also complete general or specialty residencies in clinical pharmacy, or may pursue post-doctoral study and graduate work. Practice opportunities include: Community Pharmacy This practice setting includes a range of options from independent ownership of a pharmacy to employment in, or management of, local and national chains. Community pharmacists receive an estimated two billion inquiries a year from patients. They provide health information and  advice to patients and the community, dispense medications and associated

services and, through computerized records, maintain and monitor patient profiles in order to provide efficient and appropriate therapeutic counseling.

Institutional (Hospital) Pharmacy
Hospital pharmacists monitor drug therapy, prepare intravenous (IV) admixtures, make purchasing decisions, and oversee drug administration. They have access to patients' complete medical records, including laboratory tests and diagnostic information, and they play an important role in nutritional support, IV therapy, pain management, and home care. These pharmacists are key members of hospital teams dealing with therapeutics, infection-control, risk-management, and educational programs. Their quality assurance mission includes drug utilization reviews, sterility testing of IV admixtures, and overseeing medication-error reports.

Managed Care Pharmacy
Each year an increasing number of Americans receive health benefits through managed care systems which coordinate medical services to contain costs.Managed care pharmacists establish guidelines, develop protocols, and conduct drug utilization reviews while serving on interdisciplinary teams responsible for disease management programs.

Pharmaceutical Industry
Companies that discover, develop, formulate, manufacture, and distribute pharmaceuticals offer many career opportunities including manufacturing, quality assurance, regulatory affairs, pharmaceutical research, medical writing, and liaison with the FDA. They also employ information specialists and sales representatives for their products. The growing field of biotechnology challenges pharmaceutical scientists in design, stability, and drug delivery, offering many new opportunities for pharmacy graduates. Clinical Research Organizations (CROs), another growing sector of the industry, employ pharmacy graduates in a variety of roles.

Academia
Exciting advances in the field of pharmacy come from education and research. University faculty in pharmacy-related disciplines have many opportunities to participate in these challenging developments as educators, basic scientists, and clinical practitioners.

Consultant Pharmacy
Pharmacy consultants are skilled clinicians, educators, and managers serving in home care agencies, hospices, adult day-care centers, and other long-term care facilities. They identify drug-related problems and help resolve them on the basis of their clinical expertise.

Government
At the federal level, pharmacists find careers in the United States Public Health Service, the Veterans Administration, the Food and Drug Administration, and the Armed Services. At the state and local level, they are employed by regulatory, health, and social service agencies.

Nuclear Pharmacy
The use of radioisotopes and radio labeled compounds in diagnosis and therapy is vital in a number of disease states. These compounds require special handling and strict protocols for use. Temple University has been providing pharmacy students with the opportunity to learn the skills needed to compound radioactive drugs since 1965. Centralized nuclear pharmacies continue to expand throughout the US, including the tri-state area. Pennsylvania has 12 nuclear pharmacies, and 4 are located in the Delaware Valley.

Additional Opportunities
Pharmacists also find careers in state and national professional organizations, in advertising, and as claims consultants for drug and insurance companies. Graduates may further their education in law, business, and medicine to achieve their specific career goals.