Non-Prescription Access

This page summarizes conclusions from recent work on the legality of syringe exchange and retail sale of syringes to IDUs. Syringe access is regulated by state law. The legal regulation of syringe access varies from state to state but takes one or more of three forms: syringe prescription laws and regulations; other pharmacy regulations or miscellaneous statutes imposing a variety of restrictions on the sale of syringes by pharmacists or others; and drug paraphernalia laws prohibiting the sale or possession of items intended to be used to consume illegal drugs. (Laws on drug possession also may be applied in a manner that in practical terms regulates the possession of syringes, and so must also be considered for their possible effects on syringe access. For more on these laws, go to our page on disposal. Table I is a detailed summary of syringe prescription laws and pharmacy regulations.

Legal Framework

   

Syringe Laws and Regulations

Table I: State Syringe Statutes and Regulations (excluding paraphernalia laws)

State

Pharmacy Only

Prescription Required

Information on Purpose Required

Record Keeping by Pharmacists Required

Purchasers Required to Show ID

Display limits

AL

S

  

  

  

  

  

CA

S

S (except for use with insulin or adrenaline, but local govt may authorize sale of <11 without prescription)

 

  

S (date and time of sale, type, size and quantity of syringe, and signature of the pharmacist)

S (name, address, signature and ID of purchaser required for non-Rx sales)

S

CT

S

S (for > than 10 only)

 

  

S (prescriptions must be retained on file for not less than 3 years)

 

  

S

 

DE

  

S

 

  

S (date of sale, description of instrument sold and prescription on file)

S (name, age and address of purchaser)

S

FL

  

S (sale to minors only)

  

  

  

  

GA

R

  

R (no sale if seller has reasonable cause to believe syringe will be used for an “unlawful purpose”)

  

  

R

IL

S

S (sale to minors, or for > 20 only)

  

  

  

  

IN

R

 

  

  

R ( name and quantity of device, purchase date. and the name or initials of the pharmacist)

R (unknown purchasers must show ID)

  

KY

  

  

S (pharmacists must determine purchaser’s planned use of the syringes)

S (purchaser name and address. quantity of syringes purchased, date, purpose)

S ( ID)

S

LA

R

  

R ( pharmacist must determine bona fide medical purpose)

R (date, item, quantity and pharmacist signature)

R (purchaser’s name, address and ID)

R

ME

S

  

 

  

 

  

S (purchaser must be >17 years old)

 

  

MD

R

  

R (sales shall be made in good faith by the pharmacists to purchasers showing indication of need)

  

  

  

MA

S

S

  

S (date of sale and description of the instrument and the signature of the pharmacist shall be recorded on the face of the prescription)

S (name and address of purchaser)

S

MN

S

  

  

  

  

  

NV

S

  

  

  

  

  

NH

S

S (for > than 10 and minors only)

  

S (date of sale and number of instruments sold shall be recorded on the prescription)

  

  

NJ

S

S

  

S (date of sale)

  

  

NY

S

S (for > than 10 only)

  

S & R (date of sale and pharmacist’s signature for prescription sales)

  

  

OH

S (and authorized dealers)

  

S (Seller must know or reasonably believe that the purchaser is not an unauthorized user)

  

  

S

PA

  

R

  

  

  

  

RI

S

  

  

  

  

S

SC

S

  

R (pharmacists must obtain written or oral affirmation that the sale is for a legitimate medical use)

R (type and quantity of needles/syringes sold)

R (signature, address, sex, age and ID)

  

TN

R

  

R (proof of medical need)

  

  

R

VA

S

S (for minors <16 only)

S (purchaser must furnish written legitimate purpose)

S (date of sale and name, quantity and price of device)

S (name, address and ID, including proof of age)

R

VI

S

S

  

S (prescription must be retained for 2 years)

  

  

WA

  

  

S (pharmacist must be satisfied device is for a “legal use”)

  

  

  

WV

R

  

  

  

  

  

Total

22

12

9

13

9

11

   

State

   

Pharmacy Only

   

Prescription Required