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Title: A comparison of spreader penetration depth and load required during lateral condensation in teeth prepared using various root canal preparation techniques Author: Dulaimi, SF et al Journal: International Endodontic Journal, Vol.38, No. 8, p 510, August 2005 Purpose: To compare the influence of various root canal preparation techniques on spreader penetration depth and load required during lateral condensation with gutta percha and sealer Reviewer: Brian Chang, DDS Methods and
Materials:
Results:
Discussion: The canal preparation technique is an important factor that seems to affect the depth of initial spreader penetration, and ultimately the quality of the apical seal. |
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Title: In vitro antimicrobial activity of Author: Sipert, CR, et al. Journal: IEJ, Vol. 38, No. 8 (p539-543), Aug. 2005. Reviewer: Brian S. Jeon, DMD Purpose: To determine in vitro the antimicrobial activity of Fill Canal (ZOE-based), Sealapex (Ca(OH)2-based), MTA, Portland cement and EndoRez (containing methacrylate) on various species of microorganisms. Methods and
Materials:
Results/Conclusion:
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Title: Vital pulp therapy with mineral trioxide aggregate Author: Karabucak et al Journal: Dental Traumatology 2005; 21: 240-243 Reviewer: Alex Wang, DDS Purpose: To describe two case reports of treatments of complicated crown fracture using MTA as pulp capping material. Case 1: - 9 y/o male with traumatic injury to tooth #9 causing horizontal mid-crown fracture with small pulp exposure - trauma occurred two days prior - Pt complained of mild pain to cold, not spontaneous - tooth tested percussion sensitive and severe but not lingering pain to cold - tooth had an immature apex - treatment procedure: - removing 2mm of pulp tissue from the exposure site - control hemorrhage - MTA was placed to cover the exposed pulp - place ZOE as temporary filling - follow up 3 days later with mild cold and percussion sensitivity - subsequent follow ups showed continuing apical root development and pulp vitality Case 2: - 9 y/o girl with traumatic injury to teeth #8 causing horizontal mid-crown fracture with pulp exposure - trauma occurred the same day - tooth was sensitive to palpation and percussion with 2+ mobility and no response to cold nor EPT - tooth had an immature apex - treatment procedure is same as above - subsequent follow-ups showed continuing apical root development and pulp vitality Conclusion: MTA can be used as pulp capping material in treating complicated crown fracture with pulp exposures.
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Title:
Susceptibility of a polycaprolactone-based root
canal filling material to degradation.
Author: Journal: JOE, Vol. 31(8)593-598, August 2005 Reviewer: Kevin Axx, DDS Purpose: To examine the degradability of Resilon™ after alkaline treatment using gutta percha as the control material. Introduction: Gutta percha is a relatively inert material, but most biodegradable aliphatic polyesters (such as Resilon™) are known to be hydrolyzed by enzymes and alkalis, via surface or bulk erosion that commence from the amorphous regions of these semi-crystalline polymers. Materials &
Methods: ·
Resilon™ pellets and
Obtura gutta percha pellets were molded into standardized disks ·
Alkaline hydrolysis solution was made using
50g NaOH pellets and 500mL ethanol ·
Resilon™ and gutta percha were divided into
3 groups Group 1: immersed in 50% ethanol, 60 min (control – no alkaline tx) Group 2: immersed in 20% sodium ethoxide, 20min Group 3: immersed in 20% sodium ethoxide, 60min ·
Samples were examined using Field-Emission
SEM, and conventional TEM. Results: ·
All disks in Grp 1
appeared smooth revealing only the polymer component. ·
Resilon™ in Grp 2 showed evidence of fissures along the material
surface with the particulate nature of the filled polymer vaguely
revealed. ·
The two types of filler particles could be clearly
seen in Grp 3: finer less electron dense bismuth oxychloride particles, and larger sparser silicate glass
particles ·
Obtura gutta percha disks were
minimally susceptible to alkaline hydrolysis. Conclusions: The results of the study show that there is a difference in the susceptibility of a polycaprolactone-based and a polyisoprene-based root filling material to alkaline hydrolysis. Since both alkaline and enzymatic hydrolysis proceed via cleavage of the ester bonds in the aliphatic polyester, further investigation is necessary to determine if Resilon™ can be enzymatically degraded in vivo and serve as a source of nourishment to the anaerobic flora known to exist in the root canal system. |
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Title: Effect of root canal filling/sealer systems on apical endotoxin penetration: a coronal leakage evaluation. Journal: JOE 31(8): 599-604 Author: E. Williamson, et al. Reviewed by: Purpose: To evaluate the magnitude of endotoxin penetration through root canal treated teeth using a dual chamber model system. Materials and Methods: Forty-Four maxillary anterior teeth were prepared endodontically and canals filled either by lateral condensation (LC) or a warm thermoplasticized technique (WTT) in combination with either Roth’s 801 or AH 26 sealers. Teeth were suspended in the model system with a mixed anaerobic bacterial suspension in the upper chamber and HBSS in the lower chamber. The QCL-1000 LAL assay was used to measure endotoxin at 0, 1, 7, 14, and 21 days. Four groups of teeth were compared statistically, two with Roth’s 801 sealer (LC and WTT) and two with AH 26 sealer (LC and WTT). Results: The canals filled by LC in combination with Roth’s 801 sealer permitted the least endotoxin penetration and data suggested that Roth’s 801 sealer, with the slowest setting rate, may inhibit endotoxin penetration. The canals filled by LC in combination with AH 26 sealer exhibited the most endotoxin leakage over time, followed by the WTT/AH 26 group and the WTT/ Roth’s 801. |
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Title: Essential elements of evidenced-based endodontics: Steps involved in conducting clinical research Author: Torabinejad, M et al Journal: JOE, Vol. 31(8) 563, August 2005 Reviewer: Dan Bitner, DMD Purpose: To describe the concepts of evidence-based practice, the process of systematic reviews and their implications on the future of endodontic practice. Steps involved in performing a systematic review:
Systematic
reviews versus literature reviews:
Types
of Studies:
Level
of Evidence: · Level 1: Randomized controlled trial · Level 2: low level RCT, cohort studies and systematic reviews of cohort studies · Level 3: case control and systematic reviews of case control · Level 4: low level cohort and case series · Level 5: case reports, expert opinion and literature reviews Discussion: Despite endodontic excellent success rates in saving natural teeth, research projects at the highest levels of evidence should be conducted to strengthen the current data |
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Title: An in vitro evaluation of the cytotoxicity of various endodontic irrigants on human gingival fibroblasts Author: Barnhart B. et al. Journal: JOE, Vol: 31, (8), Aug. 2005 Reviewer: Brian Stein, DMD Purpose: To measure the cytotoxicity of five endodontic irrigants at various concentrations on cultured human gingival fibroblasts (hGF) Materials and Methods: hGF were grown in Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM). Ninty-six – well plastic tissue culture plates, w/ 200 µl of DMEM containing 2x104 hGF in each. 200 µl of each irrigant at predetermined concentration with an exposure time of 15 min. (represent clinical situation) was tested. Five experimental groups were used: (1) saturated Ca(OH)2 (2) 2% IKI (3) 5.25% NaOCl (4) 7.5% Betadine scrub (BS) (5) 28% stabilized chlorine dioxide (SCD) Positive control - DMEM (18 wells tested). Irrigants were tested in dose-response manner, starting at highest concentration and continuing w/ five dilutions. Six wells were tested for each concentration of each irrigant, experiment was repeated two times. Cell number was quantified using CyQUANT Cell Proliferation Assay Kit: - used to estimate the LD50 for each irrigant - LD50 = lowest concentration of each test irrigant necessary to produce 50% lethality of hGFs when compared to controls - dilution coefficient: logarithmic difference between clinical concentration and LD50 of irrrigant Results: A lower dilution coefficient is indicative of a less toxic irrigant. · BS was significantly more toxic than all others · NaOCl was significantly more toxic than SCD, Ca(OH)2, and IKI · SCD was significantly more toxic than Ca(OH)2 and IKI · No significant difference between Ca(OH)2 and IKI · Significant difference among intra-group concentrations for all irrigants Discussion: CyQUANT assay is non-radioactive assay that provides the potential to evaluate toxicity in terms of cell proliferation (rapid method, does not rely on cellular metabolic activity). · Results demonstrated IKI and Ca(OH)2 were the least toxic irrigants tested with SCD appearing slightly more toxic. · 2% IKI and 10% Ca(OH)2 are relatively nontoxic alternatives for irrigation. · 2% IKI has superior antimicrobial properties. |
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Title: Biocompatibility in vitro tests of mineral trioxide aggregate and regular and white
Author: Ribeiro, D et al Journal: JOE Vol. 31, (8), August 2005 Reviewer: Brian Chang, DDS Purpose: To
test biocompatibility concerning genotoxicity and cytotoxicity of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) and
Portland cement Methods and
Materials:
Results:
Discussion: These results indicate that MTA and |
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