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DDS, MS
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paul.keyes@temple.edu
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Periodontology
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Positions/Appointments:
Clinical Professor of Periodontology and Oral Implantology, Temple University School of Dentistry
Education/Credentials:
DDS, University of Pennsylvania School of Dental Medicine (1941)
Dental Internship, St. Lukes Hospital (New York) (1941-1942)
BA, University of Rochester (1944)
MS in Anatomy, University of Rochester (1945)
Fellowship in Orthodontics, Harvard University School of Dental Medicine (1948)
Fellowship, American College of Dentists (1964)
US Public Health Service Commissioned Officer (highest rank: Dental Director), National Institute of Dental Research, National Institutes of Health (NIH) (1954-1981)
Pioneered use of Syrian hamsters in the early 1940s as the first reliable animal model to study the etiology and approaches to prevent dental caries and periodontal diseases.
Co-authored 1946 research abstract in the Journal of Dental Research that, using initially periodontally healthy Syrian hamsters, was the first to report a direct relationship between microbial dental plaque growth and subsequent periodontitis development, which was one of the first uses of the term “dental plaque” in the scientific dental literature as a possible etiologic factor in destructive periodontal disease.
The 1960 re-discovery of Streptococcus mutans by Keyes and Fitzgerald led them to be the first to fulfill Koch’s postulates in the microbial etiology of dental caries, the first to conclusively demonstrate the essential role of microbial specificity in dental caries development, and the first to document infectious transmission of dental caries.
Co-authored in 1964 the first evidence of microbial specificity in destructive periodontal disease and the first documentation of infectious spread of periodontopathic bacteria in studies of Actinomyces viscosus in experimental periodontitis.
The first to document the role of actinomycetes in root caries.
Formulated 1% sodium fluoride gel (donated to the Peace Corps. in the 1960s for worldwide use in developing nations and used presently in various commercial products), invented vinyl tray applicators for topical fluoride gel applications, and documented their clinical therapeutic efficacy in Cheektowaga, NY school children, which led to an 80% decrease in caries increment - a caries prevention approach unparalleled to the present day in the dental caries scientific literature.
Co-recipient with Dr. Robert Fitzgerald of first-ever Caries Research Award presented in 1977 by the International Association for Dental Research for outstanding lifetime accomplishment in dental caries research.
Developed phase-contrast microscopic video projection of subgingival plaques as a diagnostic and educational/motivational tool, the first to carry out long-term studies of non-surgical, antimicrobial periodontal therapy on adult periodontitis and juvenile periodontitis patients, and the first to document the antimicrobial efficacy of sodium bicarbonate and other inorganic salts.
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