Challenge and Change: History of the Jews in America
Articles, Essays & Webcasts
***A citation following an article denotes which book and which page[s] the subject of the article is mentioned. For example, in Book 1, page 42, there is mention of Monticello being owned by Uriah Phillips Levy and the article "The Battle of Monticello: When a Tenacious Matron and a Jewish Congressman Squared Off Over the House that Jefferson Built" appears with the following citation (1:42).
The Battle of Monticello: When a Tenacious Matron and a Jewish Congressman Squared Off Over the House that Jefferson Built (1:42)
http://www.washingtonpost.com/ac2/wp-dyn?pagename=article&contentId=A24693-2001Nov13¬Found=true
Online article from the Washington Post, adapted from Marc Leepson's recently published book, Saving Monticello: The Levy Family's Epic Quest to Rescue the House That Jefferson Built (Free Press). Mr. Leepson is a full-time free-lance writer, a former staff writer for Congressional Quarterly in Washington, D.C. Read the transcripts of an online discussion of Mr. Leepson answering questions about the history of Monticello. There is also a wonderful article: The Levys at Monticello, reprinted from Preservation Magazine, on the Monticello web site.
A Brief History of the United States Chaplain Corps Compiled by William J. Hourihan (2:19)
Read about the history of the US Chaplain Corps in this online book, paying special attention to Chapter 3, which discusses the first Rabbis to serve as Chaplains. This is found on the web site of the US Army Chaplain Center and School web site, click "History" for the book.
Choosing to be Chosen: The Jewish Literary Imagination in America
http://www.midstreamthf.com/200307/feature.html
Exactly when did Jewish writing in America begin? Read this online article which was originally published in Midstream magazine, July/August 2003 by Carole S. Kessner. Dr. Kessner is Professor Emerita in Comparative Studies, State University of New York at Stony Brook.
The Crucible by Arthur Miller
http://www.sparknotes.com/lit/crucible/index.html
This site, Sparknotes from Barnes and Noble, provides an in depth look at The Crucible.
Discovering Jewish Alaska -A Historical Overview
http://www.joyfulnoise.net/JoyAlaska5.html
This site, edited by Joy Katzen-Guthrie's, provides numerous articles and links about Jewish Alaska. Joy Katzen-Guthrie's is a soloist and bandleader, speaker/lecturer and teacher, Cantorial Soloist, Unity Music Director, and contemporary folk, pop, spiritual songwriter and leader of Jewish tours to Alaska and other destinations.
Do Jews Run Hollywood? You bet They do--and What of it? by Ben Stein
http://www.eonline.com/Features/Specials/Jews/
This article appears on E!online and was written as a result of Marlon Brando's statement that: "Hollywood is run by Jews; it is owned by Jews---".
Early Jewish Immigrants in America from the Czech Historic Lands and Slovakia
http://www.jewishgen.org/BohMor
Online article by Dr. Rechcigl who is the current President of the Czechoslovak Society of Arts and Sciences (SVU), an international professional organization based in Washington , DC . Under "Visit our Resources"click on "Articles and Features" to locate this essay as well as other essays of interest. The purpose of this site is to serve as a clearinghouse for Jewish genealogical and historical information relating to Jewish communities in the areas formerly known as Bohemia and Moravia . Most of this area is today the Czech Republic.
The Early Jewish Presence in Los Angeles
http://home.earthlink.net/~nholdeneditor/
This is an online exhibition of the early Jews of Los Angeles provided by the Jewish Genealogical Society of Los Angeles.
Eastern European Jews in New Hampshire
http://www.nhhistory.org/edu/support/nhimmigration/nhimmjewish.pdf
A short overview, published by the New Hampshire Historical Society, October 2004.
Einstein/Sachs Document Collection
This series of 20 documents represent the complete written communication that took place between President Roosevelt and the scientific community (represented by Albert Einstein, Leo Szilard, Edward Teller, and Eugene Wigner) in the Fall of 1939. This communication initiated America's pursuit of developing an atomic bomb. These documents are found on the site of The Manhattan Project Heritage Preservation Assoc., Inc.
The Eldridge Street Project
http://www.eldridgestreet.org
The Eldridge Street Synagogue was completed in 1887. It is the first building designed and built to be a synagogue by the Jews from Eastern Europe . Eldridge Street was one of the busiest synagogues on the Lower East Side --as many as 1,000 people attended holiday services here at the turn of the century. Membership began to dwindle in the 1920s when U.S. immigration laws stemmed the tide of new immigrants. At the same time, many neighborhood residents were prospering, and public transportation systems made it possible for them to move uptown and to other boroughs. By the 1940s the sanctuary was used only for holidays and special events; most services took place, as they do today, in the beth hamedrash (house of study) on the ground floor. The sanctuary was closed in the mid-1950s. Twenty five years later, a local effort was initiated to rescue the building, then in a dire state of deterioration from neglect and water damage. The not-for-profit Eldridge Street Project was incorporated in 1986 to spearhead the restoration. To date, approximately one-third of an estimated $10 million capital campaign has been raised and applied to building improvements. The Synagogue is now stable and secure. Against tremendous odds, the Eldridge Street Congregation (known as K'hal Adath Jeshurun with Anshe Lubz) has survived, not missing a Sabbath or holiday service in over 110 years. Take a virtual online tour.
The Emergence of Reconstructionism: An Evolving American Judaism, 1922-1945
by Reena Sigman Friedman (3:5, 18-21, 42, 52, 71-72, 75, 76)
A biographical essay of Mordecai Kaplan and the establishment of the Reconstructive Movement by Reena Sigman Friedman who teaches modern Jewish history at the Reconstructionist Rabbinical College.
50th Anniversary of the creation of the State of Israel, 1948-1998 (2:60, 61, 63, 65, 69, 72, 75, 79, 74, 77, 76 and 3:19, 34, 35, 41, 46-53, 56, 57-58, 59, 60, 62-63, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 77, 79)
http://www.trumanlibrary.org/israel/exhibit2.htm
In 1998, the Truman Library commemorated the 50th anniversary of the creation of the State of Israel with the information contained in this web site. An online exhibit contains the following: Archival materials; Student research files; Photographs; Historical Background; Chronology.
The First American Bat Mitzvah (3:21, 34)
http://www.beittikvah.org/links/FirstAmericanBatMitzvah.htm
Read this article originally from March 18, 1922,and reprinted in the bulletin of Congregation Beit Tikvah, Baltimore, MD, about Judith Kaplan, the daughter of Rabbi Mordecai Kaplan, who was the first bat mitzvah. Read also: First bat mitzvah, Judith Kaplan Eisenstein, dies at 86, her obituary from The Jewish News Weekly of Northern California, February 23, 1996.
44 Days That Changed Mississippi (3:54-57, 62)
http://orig.clarionledger.com/news/miss/reports/44days/
It's a story we think we know well and often refer to it as the "Mississippi Burning Trial" (in 1988, released as the movie "Mississippi Burning"). On June 21, 1964, Ku Klux Klansmen killed three civil rights workers and buried them with a bulldozer. The bodies weren't found for 44 days. Three years later, after the state failed to bring murder charges, a jury in federal court convicted seven men, acquitted eight, and couldn't decide on verdicts for three. What happened behind the doors of the jury room has remained a secret for 36 years. Until now.
From the Clarion-Ledger Mississippi News, Jackson, Mississippi.
From Immigration to Integration: Jewish Life in Quincy (Illinois) in the 19th Century Research and Narrative by David A. Frolick
http://www.lib.niu.edu/ipo/iht519829.html
The first Jew to settle in the area west of the Allegheny Mountains was an English Jew, Joseph Jonas. A watchmaker and silversmith by trade, Jonas had heard that the Ohio River valley offered many opportunities. Fellow Jews wondered why a Jew might try to establish himself in this uncivilized place among the gentiles and how he would maintain his religious beliefs. Learn how Jonas and fellow Jews not only learned how to survive on the frontier, but how they managed to maintain their Jewish identity as well as how successfully they integrated with their non-Jewish neighbors in Quincy.
***Teachers: Click Here for Curriculum Materials
This material is published by the Illinois Historic Preservation Agency Publ. History: v. 1, 1994 and covers such areas as: poems, stories, plays, and non-fictional writings dealing with the history of Illinois. Includes lessons plans for history teachers.
"From Lisbon to New Amsterdam " by Alan D. Corre, Emeritus Professor of Hebrew Studies, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee
http://www.uwm.edu/~corre/occasionala/lisbon.html
"From Lisbon to New Amsterdam" An address delivered by Professor Corre at the dedication of the Museum of American Jewish History, Fourth Street above Market, Philadelphia, PA, July 12, 1976.
The Gomez Mill House
The cornerstone of the Jewish pioneer experience in America lies along the Hudson River five miles north of Newburgh, New York. Gomez Mill House, one of the oldest continuously lived in residences in the United States, is the oldest surviving Jewish homestead in North America. Inscribed in the National Register of Historic Places, the property consists of the six-room House and several out buildings which are part of a virtual online tour: the Mill, the Ice House, the Root Cellar and what is now the Visitors Center. Sited on 28-acres, the House and the Mill are well off the road in a quiet meadow surrounding by woods. In 1714 Luis Moses Gomez, fleeing from the Spanish Inquisition, built a fieldstone blockhouse from which he supplied European and Caribbean goods to his Native American neighbors. From these origins, and through nearly 300 years of American History, Gomez Mill House evolved as the home of Wolfert Acker, Patriot of the American Revolution; William Henry Armstrong, writer and gentleman farmer; artisan Dard Hunter, who resurrected the art of hand made paper in America; and Mildred Starin, preservationist.
Haven to Home: An American Journey
http://loc.gov/today/cyberlc/feature_wdesc.php?rec=3712
A webcast performance which tells the stories of Emma Lazarus, an immigrant's daughter who became known as Lady Liberty's poet, and Irving Berlin, an immigrant who became one of America's best loved composers. The original play, commissioned by the Hebraic Section and written and directed by Roberta Gasbarre, Director of The Discovery Theater, Smithsonian Associates, explores how the values of liberty, opportunity, and religious freedom shaped American history. The 45 minute presentation was one of the public programs related to the Library of Congress exhibition, "From Haven to Home: 350 Years of Jewish Life in America." 
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Heroes of The Lost Battalion
http://www.homestead.com/prosites-johnrcotter/lost_battalion_heroes.html
The men of the Lost Battalion, the 308th Infantry in World War I, the men who strove to relieve them, and related events are covered at this site. Of particular importance is the activity of Abraham Krotoshinsky who led relief forces to his comrades of the 308. For more on Krotoshinsky, view the following sites: http://www.longwood.k12.ny.us/history/upton/nyt8.htm and Krotoshinsky's obituary from the New York Times, November 5, 1953, and History and Rhymes of the Lost Battalion by Buck Private McCullom.
High Noon to Midnight Does Current Immigration Policy Doom American Jewry?
http://www.cis.org/articles/2004/back404.html
"For Jews, the immigration debate pits the heart against the head. In their gut, many feel that substantially reducing immigration betrays the legacy of their parents and grandparents. But a growing number believes that maintaining this policy betrays their children and grandchildren". This essay is available online at the above link and was written by Dr. Steinlight who is a Fellow at the Center for Immigration Studies and is former Director of National Affairs at the American Jewish Committee.
The History of Jewish Film by Pamela Melnikoff
http://www.somethingjewish.co.uk/articles/280_the_history_of_jewis.htm
The History of Jewish Film is a major work and a must for film fans who want to know about the influence and history of Jewish film from the earliest times to the present day. You can read chapter one on this site. Ms. Melnikoff was a writer for the Jewish (London) Chronicle for over 25 years and the author of several books.
History of Women in the Rabbinate: A Case of Communal Amnesia by Rabbi Dr. Sybil Sheridan, Leo-Baeck-College London (3:20-21, 35, 42, 74, 75)
http://www.bet-debora.de/jewish-women/history.htm
This essay was presented at the first European Conference of Women Rabbis, Cantors, Scholars and all Spiritually Interested Jewish Women and Men in Berlin 13-16 May 1999. This essay presents the history of women seeking a role in the rabbinate since the late 1800's! Did you know that on December 27, 1935, Regina Jonas was ordained by the liberal Rabbi Max Dienemann in Offenbach (Germany) who was the head of the Liberal Rabbis’ Association and not affiliated with any seminary. Opposition to woman rabbis remained strong, and not until 1972 would Sally Priesand become the first woman rabbi ordained by a theological seminary in the United States.
History, Memory, Myth and Bunk: On Doing Jewish Family and Community History by Scott Cline http://www.rootsweb.com/~orjgs/Scott.htm
This article discuss: the early Jews of Oregon, the importance of history in developing ethnic identity, memory and history, the role of genealogy in community history, and archival sources in the Pacific Northwest. This was a presentation to the joint meeting of the Oregon Jewish Museum And Jewish Genealogical Society of Oregon in Portland, Oregon, on May 21, 2000.
The Hollywood Ten (3:36-38)
http://www.lib.berkeley.edu/MRC/blacklist.html
Extensive listing and bibliographies of the Hollywood Ten who were brought up on charges of being Communists by the House on Un-American Activities Committee: Alvah Bessie, Herbert Biberman, Lester Cole, Edward Dmytryk, Ring Lardner, Jr., John Howard Lawson, Albert Maltz, Samuel Ornitz, Adrian Scott, and Dalton Trumb. This is from website of the Media Resources Center (MRC), which is located at the UC Berkeley Library. See also the House on Un-American Activities Committee.
Humble Heroes: How the American Friends Service Committee Struggled to Save Oswald Kernberg and Three Hundred Other Jewish Children from Nazi Europe by Laura Gumpert
http://thesis.haverford.edu/archive/00000010/01/2002GumpertL.pdf
This was Ms. Gumpert's Senior Thesis, submitted to the Haverford College History Department, April 2002. Read this fascinating, little-known history from World War II.
Immigrant Processing Centers for New York City: Ellis Island, Castle Garden, Barge Office (2:40-41) http://home.att.net/~germanroots/ellisisland/index.html
Were your ancestors processed at the immigrant station on Ellis Island ? If they landed in New York , they were processed at one of the following locations, depending on when they arrived...Check out this website for more information. This website is part of the GermanRoots-German Genealogy website, with research information for Americans of German descent.
The Immigration Experience by Louis S. Alfano (2:40-41)
http://members.tripod.com/~L_Alfano/immig.htm
Before immigrants passed through Ellis Island (on the East Coast of the US ), many immigrants entered through Castle Garden, also in New York. Read about immigrant experiences at Castle Garden on this site by Louis Alfano.
In the Shadow of "God's Sun-dial" the Construction of American Christian Zionism and the Blackstone Memorial by Hilton Obenzinger
http://www.stanford.edu/group/SHR/5-1/text/obenzinger.html
Read this fascinating story on-line article from the Stanford Humanities Review about the Chicago businessman and Methodist Episcopal lay worker William E. Blackstone who was introduced by Secretary of State James G. Blaine to President Benjamin Harrison in order to present a petition Blackstone authored, "Palestine for the Jews". "What shall be done for the Russian Jews?" the petition asked, and Blackstone boldly answered: Why not give Palestine back to them again? Read a copy of the original "Blackstone Memorial, 1891".
Jewish-American History in Buffalo
This site is part of Buffalo Architecture and History and presents a short illustrated history of Jewish Buffalo. This site is created and maintained by Chuck LaChiusa (also a tour guide and speaker) as a public service.
Jewish Bankers, Russia, and the Soviet Union, 1900-1940: The Case of Kuhn, Loeb and Company by Priscilla Roberts
The relationship between American Jews and both tsarist Russia and its successor, the Soviet Union, was rarely trouble free. In the early twentieth century tsarist Russia was widely perceived as the fountainhead of anti-Semitism, an outlook that led American Jews to oppose commercial ties with and loans to the tsarist government and to advocate that their own government take even stronger action to combat Russian mistreatment of the Jews. The overthrow of Nicholas II's government in 1917 and its replacement by the short-lived Provisional Government brought a brief interval when American Jews hailed with euphoric enthusiasm the dawning of a new era.
Priscilla Roberts is a lecturer in History at the University of Hong Kong and Director of the University's Center of American Studies and this article was published by the Jacob Rader Marcus Center of the American Jewish Archives.
The Jewish Book in America by Jonathan D. Sarna
http://loc.gov/today/cyberlc/feature_wdesc.php?rec=3383
In the Fifth Annual Myron M. Weinstein Memorial Lecture on the Hebraic Book, the Joseph H. & Belle R. Braun Professor of American Jewish History at Brandeis University discussed the Jewish book in America. Webcast produced by the Library of Congress. 
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Jewish Community of Atlanta http://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/nge/Article.jsp?path=/HistoryArchaeology/TheProgressiveEraandWorldWarI/
GroupsOrganizations-6&id=h-2731
Jews have lived in Atlanta since its founding. This essay by Mark K. Bauman, Atlanta Metropolitan College, is from a project of the Georgia Humanities Council, in partnership with the Office of the Governor, the University of Georgia Press, and the University System of Georgia/GALILEO.
The Jewish Friendship Trail
http://members.tripod.com/BostonWalks/JewishFriendshipTrail.html
BostonWalks' "The Jewish Friendship Trail" A Walking Tour Trail to Sites of Jewish Experience In Boston's West and North Ends Circa 1870s through 1920s by Michael Ross. Read about Boston's history during this period online.
Jewish Immigrant Farmers in the Connecticut Valley: The Rockville Settlement by Mark A. Raider
http://www.huc.edu/aja/raider.htm
In the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, scores of East European Jewish immigrant families settled in farming communities scattered throughout New England, the Middle West, and parts of the western frontier. This article focuses on a small community of Jewish immigrant farmers in the Connecticut River Valley known as the Rockville Settlement. Mark A. Raider teaches in the Department of Judaic Studies, State University of New York at Albany . He received his Ph.D. from Brandeis University , where he wrote his dissertation on the impact of Labor Zionism on American Zionism and American Jewish Life, 1919-1948.
Jewish Journalism in the United States by Jonathan D. Sarna
Jonathan D. Sarna wrote this essay on the history of American Jewish journalism.
Jewish Law
Halacha, Jewish Law, today deals with certain legal concepts, such as the corporate entity, which have no direct precedent in Halachic sources. At the same time, the American judicial system from time to time is asked to confront and even apply areas of Halacha dealing with such diverse matters as kashrut (Jewish dietary laws ) and gittin (Jewish bills of divorce). In order to forge a better understanding of the interaction between Halacha and secular law, Jewish Law presents a wealth of information -- much of which is exclusive in cyberspace to this website -- on Halacha, Jewish issues and secular law. Jewish Law is sponsored by The Center for Halacha and American Law of the Aleph Institute and is edited by Ira Kasdan, an attorney, with assistance from Isaac M. Jaroslawicz, the Executive Director and Director of Legal Affairs for the Aleph Institute, and Nathan Diament, the Director of the Institute for Public Affairs of the Union of Orthodox Jewish Congregations of America.
Jewish Tour of the Carolinas
http://www.jewishtourofthecarolinas.org/
Within the 85,829 square miles of these two states lie treasures for Jews of all ages, persuasions and personalities. Many of the following destinations -numbering almost 100 - come as refreshing surprises even to Jewish people born and living in North and South Carolina . There are unbelievable stories (try "Jewish Refugee Farmers in Van Eeden"), touching spots (try "Small Towns, Big Hearts"), surprises (try "Duke University Under Terry Sanford") and oddities (try "Palestine, Jerusalem and Jews Quarter Island"). You can find places where Jews gave to the communities they loved and places where communities honored the Jews they loved. All available online.
Jewish Women's Benevolence: A Road to Middle Class America by Deborah Scolnick Einhorn http://www.brandeis.edu/gsa/gradjournal/2004/skolnickEinhorn2004.pdf
This online article, from the Brandies Graduate Journal, 2004 volume 2, gives an in-depth history of the Jewish Women's Benevolence societies in the United States. Ms. Einhorn is from the Near Eastern and Judaic Studies Department, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, Brandies University.
Jewish Women's Issues by Susan Weidman Schneider
http://loc.gov/today/cyberlc/feature_wdesc.php?rec=3411
Author Susan Weidman Schneider, editor-in-chief of Lilith, discussed her experiences of more than two decades at the helm of this award-winning Jewish women's magazine. Webcast produced by the Library of Congress.
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Jews and the American Military from the Colonial Era to the Eve of the Civil War by Jack D. Foner, Edited and Introduced by Eric Foner
http://www.huc.edu/aja/00-3.htm
This article illuminates the contributions of Jewish soldiers and sailors and the barriers they faced, which would contribute toward a better understanding of the place of Jews in American life. This article is presented online by father and son who were/are university history professors.
Jews in New York City (1:6-7, 8, 11-12, 16-18, 23, 24, 28, 36, 40-41, 44, 52, 56-57, 67, 70, 73)
http://www.bklyn-genealogy-info.com/Ethnic/Jewish/index.html
Information on early Jewish history in New York City is found on the site which was created for people interested in genealogy. This link takes you directly to the Jewish main page. Topics covered are: Emigration / Immigration of Jews; Early Jewish History..New York & Bklyn & The Men Who Started It; Jewish - New York General Historical Information Prior to 1934; Jewish Names First & Surname & how they came about; Notable People of the Jewish Community of New York; Jewish Communal Interests in New York Pre 1934 Newspapers, Organizations, Religious/Fraternal Orders, Education, Societies, Libraries; Nobel Prize Award Jewish Community Prior to 1934; Jewish Men buried in Arlington Cemetery As of Dec. 7, 1995, there are 1,996 Jewish military service members interred; Jewish Institute of Religion Information & Graduates List 1926-1933; 1928 Jewish Hospital Nurses Graduating Class; Jewish Theological Seminary of America New York Faculty & Alumni List 1894-1933; Yeshiva College History prior to 1934) & Alumni List ; Rabbi's of New York Prior to 1934; Jewish Historical Society of New York Formation; Hebrew Union College Formation & alumni list 1883-1933; B'nai B'rith Lodge History; Jewish Politicians of New York Prior to 1934; The Jews of New York Article by Jacob Riss; Jewish Cemetery Listings Brooklyn area ; National Jewish Organizations Civic Defense, Political and Cultural pre-1952 ; Jewish Genealogical Society founded in New York in 1977.
Jews In Pennsylvania by Bruce Bazelon
http://www.phmc.state.pa.us/ppet/jews/page1.asp?secid=31
Pennsylvania’s eleven million people include about 440,000 Jews, of whom more than half live in greater Philadelphia, some 45,000 in Pittsburgh, and more than a thousand in each of fifteen other communities. Read more about the history of the Jews in Pennsylvania, provided by the Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission which preserves the Commonwealth’s memory as a teacher and champion of its heritage for citizens of Pennsylvania and the nation.
Jews in Zion-Peoples of Utah by Jack Goodman
http://historytogo.utah.gov/jews.html
This online article, provided by Utah State Historical Society/Division of State History, provides an overview of the history of the Jews in the state of Utah.
The Jews of Clarksburg: Community Adaptation and Survival, 1900-60 by Deborah R. Weiner http://www.wvculture.org/history/journal_wvh/wvh54-4.html
Read the history of the community of Clarksburg, West Virginia online. This article originally appeared in the journal "West Virginia History", volume 54 (1995).
Jews of Georgia
www.haruth.com/JewsGeorgiaUSA.html
This site contains information about the Jews in Savannah as well as information on the Jews of Georgia. Read such topics as Jewish Heroes and Heroines in America, and Jews in the War of Northern Aggression.
The Judaic Experience at the U.S. Naval Academy by Joel I. Holwitt
www.usna.edu/JMC/JudaicExperienceThesis.doc
Judaism at the U.S. Naval Academy only became a tangible presence in 1938 with the formation of a Jewish ‘Church’ Party. Since 1938, the Judaic Experience at the Naval Academy transformed from a secular gathering at the local synagogue to a service of religious verve inside the Academy. Unlike many other Judaic experiences during the twentieth century, overt anti-Semitism generally did not affect the movement towards inclusion at the Naval Academy. Although the Navy did not oppose Judaism, the Naval Academy infrastructure did very little to encourage its religious inclusion into the Naval Academy community. Instead, individuals and groups acting outside the chain-of-command meshed Judaism with the Naval Academy core values of duty, honor, and loyalty. These “outside” forces formed a Jewish presence with the Jewish Church Party, brought this presence into the Yard to create a sense of inclusiveness, and then solidified the Judaic presence with the assignment of a Jewish chaplain and the construction of a chapel. This paper was submitted to the faculty of the Department of History in partial fulfillment of the requirements for a degree with honors by midshipman Holwitt, 16 December 2002.
A Life Apart: Hasidism in America (3:44)
http://www.pbs.org/alifeapart/index.html
A 90-minute film, A Life Apart: Hasidism in America is the first in-depth documentary about a distinctive, traditional Eastern European religious community. In an historic migration after World War II, Hasidism found it most vital center in America. Both challenging and embracing American values, Hasidim seek those things which many Americans find most precious: family, community, and a close relationship to God. Integrating critical and analytical scholarship with a portrait of the daily life, beliefs, and history of contemporary Hasidic Jews in New York City, the film focuses on the conflicts, burdens, and rewards of the Hasidic way of life. This site offers valuable resource information in the following areas: Bibliography; Filmograph; Archival Resources; Film Script; Essays on Hasidism; Multimedia.
The Lost Synagogues of Detroit
In their totality the former synagogues of Detroit outline a once closely knit neighborhood from the days when Detroit was a conglomerate of vibrant immigrant and ethnic communities, of a time when families walked to places of worship which stood in the midst of their neighborhoods. Most synagogues, grand and humble, can be found along or near Linwood and Dexter, south of Davison in the once predominantly Jewish near west side of Detroit. Today all of the synagogues are Christian houses of worship for members of Detroit 's Afro American community. This is an online story and virtual tour of two communities and two faiths, who worshipped and worship in a common place.
Louisiana's Jewish Community
http://www.sec.state.la.us/archives/jewish/JEWISH-1.HTM
This online exhibition provides a scholarly interpretation of the profound impact that Louisiana 's Jewish community, past and present, has had upon the state the past two centuries. Through the use of photographs and various historical artifacts, it is the desire of the Louisiana State Archives to pay a belated tribute to a people whose contributions have often been overlooked in the presentation of Louisiana history.
Making a Place in the World: Jews and the Holy Land at World's Fairs by Barbara Kirshenblatt-Gimblett http://www.nyu.edu/classes/tourist/hl.dos
At world's fairs in the United States during the nineteenth century, Christians cooperated with their American Jewish contemporaries, even as they identified Judaism and the Jewish people with a distant place and time--the Holy Land and the world of the Bible. Christians shared the podium with Jews at religion congresses held at Chicago fair in 1893, praised the contributions of Jews and Judaism to civilization, and collaborated with prominent Jewish citizens on ambitious Holy Land exhibits. Despite their ecumenical spirit, however, Christians represented Jews as an immutable race, stubborn religion, and failed nation, according them a central role within a providential narrative of deicide and restoration. Read this in-depth article by Barbara Kirshenblatt-Gimblett, who researched this essay while a Winston Fellow at the Institute for Advanced Studies at the Hebrew University in Jerusalem in 1996.
Mark Twain's Vienna and "Concerning the Jews" by Jim Zwick http://www.boondocksnet.com/twainwww/essays/twain_vienna9705.html
Mark Twain (Samuel Langhorne Clemens, 1835-1910) is an American icon. Books like The Adventures of Tom Sawyer and Adventures of Huckleberry Finn define two sides of an imagined American childhood while Huckleberry Finn and The Tragedy of Pudd'nhead Wilson continue to expose the wounds of racism in American society. Mark Twain's life and career were more varied and complex than most people realize. He was a printer and journalist, steamboat pilot, gold and silver miner, a newspaper editor, author, and publisher. He was also deeply involved in American political and cultural issues, and an active participant in several anti-imperialist movements. This site provides readers with a number of his works and essays. Of particular interest, is his work entitled "Concerning the Jews". This is most thorough attempt to deal with anti-Semitism, written in Austria during the spring and summer of 1898. It begins as a response to questions he received after "Stirring Times in Austria" was published in early 1898. In that essay he described how Jews were singled out for violent abuse by all sides in the rioting that followed the forced closure of the Austrian parliament the previous October.
Memory Made Manifest: The United States Holocaust Memorial Museum (2:70 and 3:24, 27-29, 45, 48, 54, 56, 57, 63, 71)
http://xroads.virginia.edu/~CAP/HOLO/holo.html
This project explores the nature of the Holocaust in the American consciousness culminating in the formation and development of the President's Commission on the Holocaust in 1978 and the U.S. Holocaust Memorial Council, along with exploration of the physical and emotional parameters of the museum and the exhibit it houses. This project is by Laura Dove -- 6/1/95 and then edited and revised by Angel Price -- 3/10/97.
Mickve Israel-Savannah , Georgia
Congregation Mickve Israel was founded by 42 Jews who arrived in Savannah, in the new colony of Georgia, on July 1, 1733. Having left London, England, five months earlier, the brave band of mostly Portuguese Jews and two German Jewish families sought freedom and opportunity in the New World. In 1790, the congregation was granted a Charter from the state of Georgia, confirming the legal status of the third oldest Jewish congregation in the United States . Mickve Israel remains today an active spiritual community, affiliated with the Reform movement in Judaism. Read about the history of this congregation and take a virtual tour of this magnificent synagogue.
Mikveh Israel Cemetery -The Story by Shirley Milgrim (1 7, 23, 27, 36, 44, 48, 49, 54)
http://www.ushistory.org/mikvehisrael/
Nathan Levy had lived in his new home in Philadelphia less than a year when one of his children died. He appealed to William Penn's son, Thomas Penn, Chief of the Proprietary Government of Pennsylvania for a private place in which to bury his child. A pious Jew, he sought hallowed ground in which to bury his child in accordance with Jewish law. Read about this tale online with accompanied photographs of headstones from the cemetery. "The Story of Mikveh Israel Cemetery" was edited by the Archives Staff of Congregation Mikveh Israel.
Mount Sinai Hospital of New York by Jeremy H. Baron, M. D.
http://www.mssm.edu/msjournal/67/page003-5_MSH.pdf
This article, from the Mount Sinai Journal of Medicine, January 2000, gives a brief history of some of the main events of the first hundred years of Mount Sinai Hospital, first known as Jews' Hospital.
Mr. Clemens Makes an Address Before the Members of the Hebrew Technical School for Girls
http://www.twainquotes.com/19010121.html
This is an article from the New York Times, January 21, 1901.
The National Conference for Community and Justice (NCCJ) in St. Louis A Regional History by O’Ray Graber, Edited by Martin J. Rafanan
http://www.nccjstl.org/downloads/nccjhistory81703.PDF
The beginning of The National Conference of Christians and Jews (now The National Conference for Community and Justice) in St. Louis dates back to May 1930 when Dean William Scarlett of Christ Church Cathedral, Reverend John P. Spencer of St. Rock’s Church and Rabbi Ferdinand M. Isserman of Temple Israel Co-chaired at the Hotel Jefferson a two day Saint Louis seminar in conjunction with “The National Conference of Jews and Christians.”
New Orleans' Touro Synagogue
http://www.tourosynagogue.com/
New Orleans' Touro Synagogue is the oldest Jewish house of worship in America beyond the original thirteen colonies. Click "History" to read about the history of this synagogue.
New York City: A Jewish Immigration Mecca-Jews and New York City by Isaac Sutton (1:6-7, 8, 11-12, 16-18, 23, 24, 28, 36, 40-41, 44, 52, 56-57, 67, 70, 73) http://www.mapsites.net/gotham01/webpages/isaacs
This site allows you to enter a virtual tour of New York City constructed for and by eleventh and twelfth grade students at the Fieldston School in the Bronx, NY. The website is a central piece of the students' research for a history course called "Inventing Gotham: New York City and the American Dream". This site contains a paper entitled:" New York City: A Jewish Immigration Mecca-Jews and New York City "by Isaac Sutton, a former student of the Fieldston School. The paper begins with the immigration of the first Jews to arrive in New Amsterdam.
New York Jewish History by Lance J. Sussman (1:6-7, 8, 11-12, 16-18, 23, 24, 28, 36, 40-41, 44, 52, 56-57, 67, 70, 73)
http://www.archives.nysed.gov/a/researchroom/rr_pgc_jewish_essay.shtm
This essay was written by Lance J. Sussman, Department of History, Binghamton University State University of New York, Binghamton, NY for the New York State Archives, A Division of the State Education Department, Albany, New York.
Night by Elie Wiesel (3:45, 62, 75, 79)
http://www.gradesaver.com/ClassicNotes/Titles/night/
Literature by ClassicNotes provides a comprehensive study guide to Night:
Oh Freedom Over Me by John Blewen (3:54-57, 62)
http://americanradioworks.publicradio.org/features/oh_freedom/index.html
In the summer of 1964, about a thousand young Americans, black and white, came together in Mississippi for a peaceful assault on racism. It came to be known as Freedom Summer, one of the most remarkable chapters in the Southern Civil Rights movement. Listen Part 1 | Part 2 | Part 3
From American RadioWorks, which is public radio's largest documentary production unit; it creates documentaries, series projects, and investigative reports.
Ohev Shalom, Wallingford, PA
http://www.ohev.net/history.html
Read about the history of this small southeastern Pennsylvania community, located in Chester County.
An Old Cemetery, Burial Ground of Early Hebrew Immigrants to New Amsterdam (1:6, 8, 9, 10-12, 16, 21, 23)
http://www.nyvagenealogy.homestead.com/HEBREWCEMETERYNY.html
This online article comes from the New York Herald newspaper, November 9, 1890, and provides invaluable information about this cemetery and those buried there. This is the site of the Virginia-New York Genealogy, whose purpose is to help others by providing information that will help them in their genealogy research.
On the Lower East Side: Observations of Life in Lower Manhattan at the Turn of the Century http://tenant.net/Community/LES/contents.html
Compiled and edited by William Crozier, Clarke Chambers, Patrick Costello, Chad Gaffield, Beverly Stadium as part of Lower Manhattan Project 1993.
This online collection of articles, documentary sources, and study guides was compiled to accompany the course, An Urban Experience: New York City's Lower East Side, 1880-1920. The Lower East Side urban experience, while not representative, is fascinating and significant because many Jews were introduced to America there and because the historical experience described in this book is germane for a better understanding of urban life in the late twentieth century.
101 Squadron-The First Israel Air Force Squadron
http://www.101squadron.com/101real/101sqn.html
This site will eventually be a list of all the 101 pilots and others involved with the squadron, with each name linked to a page or list of links about that pilot. The unit formed up on May 21, 1948, the date on which the first Avia S-199 arrived in Israel . Although not officially named the 101 Squadron until later, the unit first took part in operations on May 29, 1948. Also see: Aircraft flown by the 101 and Maps and places. You can also read the article: Air Force by Eddy Kaplansky, a native of Canada, he served in the Canadian Air Force during World War II and in the Israeli Air Force during the War of Independence.
Operation Moses (3:66-67)
http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=1075257
NPR's Weekend Edition - Saturday, June 10, 2000, made this presentation "Operation Moses". In the early eighties, American military planes transported tens of thousands of Ethiopian Jews to Israel in a secret airlift called Operation Moses. This evacuation was one of a series of transport operations which added to the tensions between Arab nations and Israel. The movement was also troubling for the Ethiopians themselves. It also raised citizenship and identity questions in modern Israel. Hear the first-person story of Ethiopian Jew Shula Mulah. In 1984, Shulah began her journey toward Israel. She was eleven years old. Her story is produced by Sandy Tolan.
Palmetto Jews-Celebrating 300 Years in "This Happy Land"
http://www.sandlapper.org/jews.pdf
This article, written by Belinda and Richard Gergel, provides a short history of the Jews of South Carolina and appeared in Sandlapper, Autumn 2002. This quarterly magazine covers South Carolina 's people, places, culture and history. The authors of this article are Dr. Belinda Gergel, former chair of the Columbia College history department, is president-elect of the Historic Columbia Foundation Board and Richard Gergel is a Columbia lawyer and senior partner of Gergel, Nickles and Solomon, P.A.
Pasteurize or Certify: Two Solutions to "The Milk Problem" by Ron Schmid, ND
http://www.realmilk.com/untoldstory_1.html
Nathan Straus, a businessman turned crusader-philanthropist, was the founder and subsidizer of New York City's Milk Depots, outlets that provided pasteurized milk at low cost for the city's poor; he became the chief advocate and spokesperson for the compulsory pasteurization of all milk. This article is excerpted from "The Untold Story of Milk" by Ron Schmid, ND.
Power, Ignorance, and Anti-Semitism: Henry Ford and His War on Jews by Jonathan R. Logsdon (3:9, 34, 35)
http://history.hanover.edu/hhr/99/hhr99_2.html
This paper traces the anti-Semitic activities of automobile manufacturer Henry Ford. Ford first voiced his anti-Semitic leanings in 1915, around the time of his "Peace Ship" episode. Eventually, his belief that the "International Jew" was the source of the world's problems led him to conduct a campaign against them in the pages of his newspaper, The Dearborn Independent. This paper originally appeared in The Hanover Historical Review, volume 7, Spring 1999.
Prelude to Article VI: The Ordeal of Religious Test Oaths in Pennsylvania by Stephen A. Smith, University of Arkansas
http://www.uark.edu/depts/comminfo/www/oath.html
This online paper addresses the background and origins of the religious test oath controversy in revolutionary Pennsylvania . In other words, this paper explores why elected officials were required to swear an oath of faith to Christianity in order to hold public office. This is a scholarly paper authored by Dr. Smith, Professor of Communication and Adjunct Professor of Political Science at the University of Arkansas.
Rav Kook's Mission to America by Joshua Hoffman
http://www.tzemachdovid.org/gedolim/ravkook.html
In March, 1924, Rav Avraham Yitzhak Hakohen Kook came to America as part of a rabbinic delegation whose purpose was to raise funds for Torah institutions in Eretz Yisrael and Europe. The other members of the delegation were, Rav Moshe Mordechai Epstein, head of the Slabodka Yeshiva, and Rav Avraham Dov Baer Kahana Shapiro, the Rav of Kovno (Kaunas) and president of the Agudat Ha-Rabbanim of Lithuania. The three rabbis were brought to America by the Central Committee for the Relief of Jews Suffering Through the War, better known as the Central Relief Committee (CRC). Read about their mission to the United States and their reception by Jewish Americans. Originally published in OROT Vol. 1 5751/1991.
Responsa in War Time
http://www.jewish-funerals.org/wartime.htm
Several times during the war years (World War II), the Division of Religious Activities (CANRA) published various brochures dealing with special chaplaincy activities, "beyond the line of duty" brochures, which it was thought would be of interest to the Jewish community of America. This present pamphlet reflects the remarkable agreement which was effected by the Orthodox, Conservative and Reform rabbis on CANRA in reference to the practical problems of Jewish law confronting the Jewish chaplain and his GI congregation.
Although in many aspects of Jewish life in America the achievement of unity of action has been difficult, here harmony was achieved on religious practices, the most controversial of all subjects in Jewish life. The dictum, "Elu v'elu divrei Elochim chayim", was used not only to acknowledge respect for the view of others but also to go on from there to a common decision which would be helpful to the men under arms in each particular circumstance of war. It is to the glory of the American rabbinate, that, without the power and approval of an established ecclesiastical hierarchy, it was able to create such a set of responsa. The final decision was always based on "halacha". but the interpretation was broad enough to permit the word of God to be truly "chayim", "living", and livable even under war conditions.
Published by the Commission on Jewish Chaplaincy, National Jewish Welfare Board, presently known as the JWB Jewish Chaplains Council, an agency of the Jewish Community Centers Association.
Revolutionary Jews and the Bunker Hill Bridge by Joseph L. Andrews
http://www.kulanu.org/usa/revolutionary.html
Joseph L. Andrews, M.D., of Concord , is the author of " Revolutionary Boston, Lexington and Concord : The Shots Heard Round the World!" He is currently at work writing a book, tentatively titled, "Moses and Miriam in America : Revolutionary Jews Fight for Freedom and Human Rights". For the sake of full disclosure, he states proudly that he is the great-great-great grandson of both Haym Salomon and Benjamin Nones. Read online the essay "Revolutionary Jews and the Bunker Hill Bridge ".
Rhode Island Postal History
http://rhodeisland-philatelic.com/rhodeisland/Touro1.htm
Did you know that the United States Post Office issued a stamp honoring Touro Synagogue? Read and view numerous First Day Issue envelopes and cachets at the site of the Rhode Island Postal History.
"Richest and Best/Is the Wine of the West": The Ohio River Valley and the Jewish Frontier by Amy Hill Shevitz
http://publications.ohiohistory.org/ohstemplate.cfm?action=detail&Page=01124.html&StartPage=
4&EndPage=&volume=112¬es=&newtitle=Volume%20112%20Page%204
This online article, published in Ohio History journal, by the Ohio Historical Society, details the history of the Jews found in the first West, which in the 1820’s was the Ohio River Valley.
The Rosenberg Trial by Doug Linder (3:35, 36, 38)
http://www.law.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/ftrials/rosenb/ROSENB.HTM
The Rosenberg Trial is the sum of many stories: a love story, a spy story, a story of a family torn apart, and a story of government overreaching. As is the case with many famous trials, it is also the story of a particular time: the early 1950's with its cold war tensions and headlines dominated by Senator Joseph McCarthy and his demagogic tactics. This is an educational and non-commercial site maintained at the University of Missouri-Kansas City Law School, Doug Linder, Professor of Law (Seminar in Famous Trials ).(c) 1995-2004.
The Rosenbergs: A Case of Love, Espionage, Deceit and Betrayal(3:35, 36, 38)
http://www.crimelibrary.com/rosen/rosenmain.htm
A network of spies, gleaning secrets of the atom bomb, a host of couriers and traitors, led by an insignificant man, assisted by a loyal wife, caught by the testimony of the wife's brother, culminating in the unprecedented executions of both husband and wife---this is the setting for the most sensational espionage case of World War Two and its aftermath: The case of Julius and Ethel Rosenberg. From Court TV's Crime Library.
"The Rosenwald School Building Program in the Rural South: 1913-1931" by Dr. Peter Ascoli
http://www.clt.astate.edu/heritagestudies/asu_lecture.htm
Dr. Ascoli is the grandson of Julius Rosenwald and has been working on his grandfather's biography for over a decade. He delivered this paper at Arkansas State University in February 2003.
The Sabato Morais Ledger (2:14, 17)
http://sceti.library.upenn.edu/morais/index.cfm
The Sabato Morais Ledger, as it is now known, belonged to the leading representative of enlightened Orthodox Judaism in 19th century America. Morais was born in Livorno, in the Italian duchy of Tuscany in 1823. He was the descendant of Portuguese Conversos who returned to Judaism during the seventeenth century. Read his "Ledger" (similar to a scrapbook) on-line, part of the SCETI collection housed at the University of Pennsylvania.
Savannah Images Project
Several leading citizens of Savannah were Jewish, click on their names to read their biographies: D'Lyon, Levi Sheftall, Levy, Benjamin H., Meyers, Mordecai, Minis, Abigail. This Project is supported in part by the Georgia Humanities Council and The National Endowment for The Humanities and through appropriations from the Georgia General Assembly.
Seeing Red, October 24, 1997, NEWSHOUR Transcript (3:36-38)
http://www.pbs.org/newshour/bb/entertainment/july-dec97/blacklist_10-24.html
In 1947, the House Un-American Activities Committee began its investigation of suspected communists in the film industry. The investigation ruined hundreds of careers. After excerpts from the PBS documentary "The Legacy of the Hollywood Blacklist", Elizabeth Farnsworth talks with writer/producer Paul Jarrico and actress Marsha Hunt about their experiences on the blacklist. A RealAudio version of this segment is available.
Sod Jerusalems: Jewish Agricultural Communities in Frontier Kansas by Lloyd D. Harris http://www.kancoll.org/books/harris/sodcontents.htm#contents
During 1882-86, there were seven attempts to start Jewish agricultural colonies in Western Kansas as havens for Russian refugees who had come to the United States to escape czarist pogroms and persecution. None lasted more than a few years as a colony. Most had disappeared by 1890, although a few Jews remained in the communities. By 1900, however, virtually all Jews were gone and the colonies had vanished. The intention of this study is to establish the locations of the colonies, to tell something about them and their role in Kansas history as well as in Jewish history in America . The complete thesis is online. From the Kansas Collection by Tod Roberts, with permission of Gertrude Harris, widow of the author, December 2001. A thesis submitted to the graduate faculty of the University of Oklahoma in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Liberal Studies by Lloyd David Harris, Norman, Oklahoma, 1984.
Special Aid Society, and Work of Jewish Women
http://www.lib.byu.edu/~rdh/wwi/comment/Clarke/Clarke31.htm
This is chapter 31 from the book American Women and the World War by Ida Clyde Clarke author of "Record No. 33" D. Appleton and Company, New York, London, 1918. This book "shall serve as an inspiration, or shall form the groundwork of a future history of woman's part in the war". Read this chapter which focuses on American Jewish Women and if you are so inclined, the complete book is available online for your reading pleasure.
Spirit of the "Group Theater" Evoked -A Conversation with its Last Living Member by Jerry Tallmer
http://www.downtownexpress.com/de_58/spiritofthegrouptheater.html (3:36-38)
This interview, with Phoebe Brand, appeared in the Downtown Express, volume 17, issue 4, June 18 - 24, 2004, focuses on the Group Theater and the impact of the House Special Committee on Un-American Affairs on this troupe. The Group Theater was a pioneering handful of actors, directors, and playwrights who in the bleak 1930s moved American drama into the gristle of the twentieth century. In its short life, about a dozen years, the Group had its impact on everything that followed in American theater.
Stockton's Jewish Community and Temple Israel by Arnold Roth
http://ca047.urj.net/history.htm
The City of Stockton, CA, named for Commodore Robert F. Stockton, the second American military commander of California, was founded in 1846 by Charles F. Weber. The earliest recordings of Jewfish settlers to Stockton date back to the Gold Rush era 1848-49. More information is contained in this essay on the Jews of Stockton which was written by local historian, Arnold Roth.
Temple Emanu-el New York
Read about the history of the largest Reform synagogue in the world. Click "Temple History" and then explore the following areas: A brief history of our Congregation; Historical Pilgrimage; Our Place in History: A Timeline.
Ten Things Students Need to Know About the Origins of Israel and Palestine by Alan H. Luxenberg
http://www.fpri.org Foreign Policy Research Institute (FPRI)
Israel is a focal point of world attention, even after 60 years of statehood. The state's origins do much to explain why the Arab-Israeli confilict has been so hard to resolve, and also provide a glimpse of the possibilities of peace. Explore ten things for students to know and research.
The Temple Israel Foundation- Leadville, Colorado
http://www.jewishleadville.org/index.html
From the late 1870s through the First World War and on deep into the 20th Century, Leadville, CO, has developed as one of the best examples of a classic western American mining boom town. Available on this site is the history of the Jews of Leadville, reprinted with the very gracious permission of the Don L. Griswold Trust and the Colorado Historical Society in cooperation with the University Press of Colorado, publishers of the History of Leadville and Lake County, Colorado: From Mountain Solitude to Metropolis by Don L. Griswold and Jean Hervey Griswold, Boulder, CO.
They Found Their Way: Generations of Jewish Life in Waterbury, CT
http://mattatuckmuseum.org/jhp/america.htm
This on-line exhibit, which is based on family memories and personal scrapbooks, gathered by the members of the Jewish Oral History Project, a community-led activity hosted by the Mattatuck Museum of Waterbury, relates the history of the Jews in Waterbury, CT.
350 Year Commemoration of Jews in America's Military by Seymour Brody
http://www.jwv.org/images/the350th%20bookcam.pdf
In 1654, Asher Levy, one of the original twenty-three Jewish settlers in New Amsterdam, demanded and secured for himself and his fellow Jews the right to stand guard at the stockade. Thus Jewish service in the defense of our country can be dated from the very beginning of Jewish life in America. From Colonial times to the present, Jews have played an important role in the defense of the United States of America. Read more of their story at this site.
Touro Synagogue (1:6, 7, 21, 23, 36)
This is the site of the Touro synagogue, Newport, Rhode Island, the oldest synagogue building in the United States . The synagogue is open not only for tours, it is listed as a National Historic Site, it is still a functioning synagogue and you can attend daily, Shabbat and holiday services. View an interactive historical timeline of Touro Synagogue.
The Triangle Factory Fire
http://www.ilr.cornell.edu/trianglefire/
Here is the online story of the fire at the Triangle Waist Company in New York City , which claimed the lives of 146 young immigrant workers. It was one of the worst disasters since the beginning of the Industrial Revolution. Many of the young women who were killed were Jewish. Many of the organizers of the labor movement who worked to improve conditions in the sweatshops like the Triangle Factory Fire were also Jewish. This incident has had great significance to this day because it highlights the inhumane working conditions to which industrial workers can be subjected.
Poet Morris Rosenfeld, known as the "poet laureate of the slum and the sweatshop", penned a memorial to the victims four days after the fire. The Jewish Daily Forward printed the poem down the full length of its front page. Read Rosenfeld's Requiem: The Triangle Fire Victims in verse.
U. S. vs Cecil Price et al. ("Mississippi Burning" Trial) (3:55-57, 62)
http://www.law.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/ftrials/price&bowers/price&bowers.htm
It was an old-fashioned lynching, carried out with the help of county officials, that came to symbolize hardcore resistance to integration. Dead were three civil rights workers, Michael Schwerner, Andrew Goodman, and James Chaney, all shot in the dark of night on a lonely road in Neshoba County, Mississippi. This is from the Famous Trials website which provides original works of authorship, government records, works for which copyright protection has expired, works reprinted with permission, or works that are within the fair use protection of the copyright laws.
This is an educational and non-commercial site maintained at the University of Missouri-Kansas City Law School, Doug Linder, Professor of Law (Seminar in Famous Trials ).(c) 1995-2004.
Unpacking on the Prairie: Jewish Women of the Upper Midwest
http://www.jewishwomenexhibit.com/default.asp
For Jewish women immigrating to the United States in the 1880s, making a new home meant more than hanging up clothes, dusting off dishes and buying new furniture... view this online presentation and learn about these women's fascinating stories. Presented by Jewish Historical Society of the Upper Midwest.
What Do The World and People Deserve? by Len Bernstein
http://www.lenbernstein.com/Pages/RiisArticle.html
An essay on Jacob Riis by Len Bernstein, who is an American photographer who has studied the history of the medium for over 25 years, using the Aesthetic Realism of Eli Siegel as his critical basis. That is, Mr. Bernstein looks at the relationship between art and ethics.
When Jews Were GIs: World War II and the Remaking of American Jewry
http://www.fathom.com/course/21701756/index.html
This site, from the University of Michigan, attempts to:
Whom Pardons Are "Made For" (Al Schwimmer) (2:76)
http://www.jewishjournal.com/home/searchview.php?id=6578
President Clinton pardoned Al Schwimmer, the "founding father" of the Israeli Airforce as well as Israel Aircraft Industries, for violating Neutrality Act to help Israel build air force, by Tom Tugend, Contributing Editor, The Jewish Journal of Greater Los Angeles . So crucial was Schwimmer's role in the days when America and all other countries imposed a weapons embargo on the Middle East that David Ben-Gurion described his actions as the Diaspora's single most important contribution to the survival of Israel.
