Resources
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Education
Drop Out Crisis
Lee, Valerie E.; Burkam, David. T. (2003). Dropping Out of High School: The Role of School Organization and Structure. American Educational Research Journal, 40 (2), 353-393.
Goldschmidt, Pete; Wang, Jia (1999). When Can Schools Affect Dropout Behavior? A longitudinal Multilevel Analysis. American Educational Research Journal, 36 (4), 715-738.
Parent Community Involvement
Ingram, Melissa; Wolfe, Randi B.; Lieberman, Joyce M. (2007). “The Role of Parents in High-Achieving Schools Serving Low –Income, At-Risk Populations”. Education and Urban Society, Vol. 39, No. 4, 479-497. Retrieved on June 14, 2007, from http://eus.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/0013124507302120v1
Heystek, Jan (2003). Parents as Governors and Partners in Schools. Education and Urban Society, 35 (3), 328-351. Online Version can be found http://eus.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstrct/35/3/328
Sanders, Mavis G. (2003). Community Involvement in Schools: From Concept to Practice. Education and Urban Society, 35 (2), 161-180. Online Version can be found http://eus.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/35/2/161
Teacher Quality
Song, Kym Hyunsook (2006). Urban Teachers’ Beliefs on Teaching, Learning, and Students: A Pilot Study in the United States of America. Education and Urban Society, 38 (4), 481-499. Online version can be found http://eus.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/38/4/481
Talbert-Johnson, Carolyn (2006). Preparing High Quality Teacher Candidates for Urban Schools: The Importance of Dispositions. Education and Urban Society, 39 (1), 147-160. Online version can be found http://eus.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/39/1/147
Evans, Lorraine (2002). Teacher Attraction: Are magnet Schools More Professionalized Than Traditional Schoolteachers in Urban Secondary Schools? Education and Urban Society, 34 (3), 312-333. Online version can be found http://eus.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/34/3/312
Ingersoll, Richard M. (2001). Teacher Turnover and Teacher Shortages: An Organizational Analysis. American Educational Research Journal, 38 (3), 499-534.
Special Education
Koh, Myung-Sook; Robertson, Janna Siegel (2003). School Reform Models and Special Education. Education and Urban Society, 35 (4), 421-442. Online version can be found http://eus.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/35/4/421
Morse, Timothy E. (2001). Designing Appropriate Curriculum for Special Education Students in Urban Schools. Education and Urban Society, 34 (1), 4-17. Online version can be found http://eus.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/34/1/4
Section 5: School Climate
Wade, Kathleen Kiley; Stafford, Mart E. (2003). Public School Uniforms: Effect on Perceptions of Gang Presence, School Climate and Student Self Perceptions. Education and Urban Society, 35 (4), 399-420. Online version can be found http://eus.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/35/4/399
Curriculum
Alexander, Nicola A. (2003). Race, Poverty and Student Curriculum: Implications for Standard Policy. American Educational Research Journal, 39 (3), 675-693.
Ogawa, Rodney T.; Judith Haymore Sandholtz; Marilyn Martinez-Flores; and Samantha Paredes Scribner (2003). The Substantive and Symbolic Consequences of a District’s Standard-Based Curriculum. American Educational Research Journal, 40 (1), 147-176.
Charter Schools
May, Judy Jackson (2006).The Charter School Allure: Can Traditional Schools Measure Up? Education and Urban Society, 39 (1), 19-45. Online version can be found http://eus.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/35/4/19
Brown, Pamela M. (2006). Municipally Operated Charter School: A New Trend in Community Services. Education and Urban Society, 39 (1), 3-18. Online version can be found http://eus.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/39/1/3
Wamba, Nathalis Guy; Ascher, Carol (2003). An Examination of Charter School Equity. Education and Urban Society, 35 (4), 462-476. Online version can be found http://eus.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/35/4/462
Wells, Amy Stuart; Julie Slayton; and Janelle Scott (2002). Defining Democracy in the Neoliberal Age: Charter School Reform and Educational Consumption. American Educational Research Journal, 39 (2), 337-361.
School Finance
Lucey, Thomas A.; Giannangelo, Duane M. (2006). Short Changed: The Importance of Facilitating Equitable Financial Education in Urban Society. Education and Urban Society, 38 (3), 268-287. Online version can be found http://eus.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/38/3/268
Lee, Jaekyung; Wong, Kenneth K. (2004).The Impact of Accountability on Racial Socioeconomic Equity: Considering Both School Resources and Achievement Outcomes. American Educational Research Journal, 41 (4), 797-832.
Reyes, Augustina H.; Rodriguez, Gloria M. (2004).School Finance: Raising Questions for Urban Schools. Education and Urban Society, 37 (1), 3-21. Online version http://eus.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/37/1/3
Technology
Chen, Jie-Qi; Price, Valerie (2006). Narrowing the Digital Divide: Head Start Teachers Develop Proficiency in Computer Technology. Education and Urban Society, 38 (4), 398-405. Online version can be found http://eus.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/38/4/398
Morse, Timothy E. (2004). Ensuring Equality of Educational Opportunity in the Digital Age. Education and Urban Society, 36 (3), 266-279. Online version can be found http://eus.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/36/3/266
Windschitl, Mark; Sahl, Kurt (2002). Tracing Teachers’ Use of Technology in a Laptop Computer School: The Interplay of Teacher Beliefs, Social Dynamics, and Institutional Culture. American Educational Research Journal, 39 (1), 165-205.
Education Leadership
Howard, Robert W.; Preisman, Jennifer (2007).The Bankrupt “Revolution”: Running Schools Like Business Fails the Test. Education and Urban Society, 39 (2), 244-263. Online version can be found http://eus.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/39/2/244
Hunter, Richard C.; Donahoo, Sarah (2005). All Things to All People: Special Circumstances Influencing the Performances of African American Superintendents. Education and Urban Society, 37 (4), 419-430. Online version can be found http://eus.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/37/4/419
Hunter, Richard C.; Donahoo, Sarah (2003). The Nature of Urban School Politics after Brown: The Need for New Political Knowledge, Leadership, and Organizational Skills. Education and Urban Society, 36 (1), 3-15. Online version http://eus.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/36/1/3
Dantley, Michael E. (2002). Uprooting and Replacing Positivism, the Melting Pot, Multiculturalism and Other Impotent Notions in Educational Leadership through and African American Perspective. Education and Urban Society, 34 (3), 334-352. Online version can be found http://eus.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/34/3/334
Race and Culture
Baker, Paula Booker (2005). The Impact of Cultural Biases of African American Students’ Education: A Review of Research Literature Regarding Race Based Schooling. Education and Urban Society, 37 (3), 243-256. Online version http://eus.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/37/3/243
Harris, J. John; Elinor L. Brown; Donna Y. Ford; Jeanita W. Richardson; (2004). African American and Multicultural Education: A Proposed Remedy for Disproportionate Special Education Placement and Underinclusion in Gifted Education. Education and Urban Society, 36 (3), 304-341. Online version can be found http://eus.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/33/3/304
Uhlenberg, Jeffery; Brown, Kathleen M. (2002). Racial Gap in Teachers’ Perceptions of the Achievement Gap. Education and Urban Society, 34 (4), 493-530. Online version can be found http://eus.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/34/4/493
Noguera, Pedro A. (2001). Racial Politics and the Elusive Quest for Excellence and Equity in Education. Education and Urban Society, 34 (1), 18-41. Online version can be found http://eus.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/34/1/18
Economic Development
Politics
Wallace, Sherri L.; Allen, Marcus D. (January 2008). Survey of African American Portrayal in Introductory Textbooks in American Government/Politics: A Report of the APSA Standing Committee on the Status of Blacks in the Profession. PS: Political Science and Politics, 153-160
Collom, Ed (2001). Social Inequality and the Politics OF Production: Identifying Potential Supporters of Economic Democracy. Sociological Forum, 16 (3), 471-501.
Goldberg, David Theo (1999). Surplus Value: The Political Economy of Prisons. The Review of Education, Pedagogy and Cultural Studies, 21(3), 247-263.
Arnott, Richard (1998). Economic Theory and the Spatial Mismatch Hypothesis. Urban Studies Journal, 35 (7), 1171-1185. Online version can be found http://usj.sagepub.com/cgi/reprint/35/7/1171
Cohen, Cathy J.; Dawson, Michael C. (1993). Neighborhood Poverty and African American Politics. The American Political Science Review, 87 (2), 286-302.
Richan, Willard (1987). Government Policies and Black Progress: The Role of Social Research in Public Policy Debates. Journal of Social Workers, 32 (4), 353-356.
Racism and Inequality
Hochschild, Jennifer (2006). When Do People Not Protest Unfairness? The Case of Skin Color Discrimination. Social Research, 73 (2), 473-498.
Iceland, John (2003). Why Poverty Remains High: The Role of Income Growth, Economic Inequality, and Changes in Family Structure, 1994-1999*. Demography, 40 (3), 499-519.
Collins, Sharon M. (1997). Black Mobility in White Corporations: Up the Corporate Ladder but out on a Limb. Social Problems, 44 (1), 55-67.
Jargowsky, Paul A. (1996). Take the Money and Run: Economic Segregation in U.S. Metropolitan Areas. American Sociological Review, 61 (6), 984-998
Cook, Thomas J. (1996). City Suburb Differences in African American Male Labor Market Achievement. The Professional Geographer, 48 (4), 458-467.
Darity Jr, William A.; Mason, Patrick L. (1998). Evidence on Discrimination in Employment: Codes of Color, Codes of Gender. The Journal of Economic Perspective, 12 (2), 63-90.
Housing
Wang, Xinhao; Varady, David P. (2005). Using Hot-Spot Analysis to Study the Clustering of Section 8 Housing Voucher Families. Housing Studies, 20 (1), 29-48.
Freeman, Lance (2005).Black Homeownership: The Role of Temporal Changes and Residential Segregation at the End of the 20th Century. Social Science Quarterly, 86 (2), 403-426.
Clampet-Lundquist, Susan (2003). Finding and Keeping Affordable Housing: Analyzing the Experiences of Single-Mother Families in North Philadelphia. Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare, 30 (4), 123-140.
Bostic, Raphael W.; Martin, Richard W. (2003). Black home owners as a gentrifying force? Neighborhood dynamics in the context of minority home-ownership. Urban Studies, 40 (12), 2427-2449.
Conley, Dalton (2001).A Room With a View or a Room of One’s Own? Housing and Social Stratification. Sociological Forum, 16 (2), 263-280.
Turner, Margery Austin (1998). Moving Out of Poverty: Expanding Mobility and Choice through Tenant-Based Housing Assistance. Housing Policy Debate, 9 (2), 373-394.
Chandler, Mittie Olion (1989). The Influence of Blacks in State and Local Fair Housing Policy-Making. Policy Studies Review, 9 (2), 374-388.
Mutchler, Jan E.; Krivo, Lauren J. (1989). Availability and Affordability: Household Adaptation to A housing Squeeze. Social Forces, 68 (1), 241-261.
Smolensky, Eugene; Selwyn, Becker; Henry Molotch. (1968). The Prisoners Dilemma and Ghetto Expansion. Land Economics, 40 (4), 419-430.
Galster, George C (unknown). Housing Discrimination and Urban Poverty of African Americans. Journal of Housing Research, 2 (2), 87-120.
Investments
Bates, Timothy (2006). The Urban Development Potential of Black-Owned Businesses. Journal of the American Planning Association, 72 (2), 227-237.
Sabir, Nadirah; Brown, Carolyn M. (2005). Earnings Gain, Wealth Loss. Black Enterprise, 35 (6), 30-30.
Fitch, Catherine A.; Myers Jr., Samuel L. (2000). Testing the Survivalist Entrepreneurship Model. Social Science Quarterly, 81 (4), 985-991.
Fairlie, Robert W. (1999). The Absence of the African American Owned Business: An Analysis of the Dynamics of Self Employment. Journal of Labor Economics, 17 (1) 80-108.
Krumholz, Norman (1999). Equitable Approaches to Local Economic Development. Policy Studies Journal, 27 (1), 83-95.
Silverman, Robert Mark (1998). The Effects of Racism and Racial Discrimination on Minority Business Development: The Case of Black Manufactures in Chicago’s Ethnic Beauty Aids Industry. Journal of Social History, 31 (3), 571-597.
Allan, Peter; Nellen, Eugene H. (1995). Identifying People Who Are Motivated to Manage: Don’t Overlook Black Business Students. Journal of Employment Counseling, 32 (3), 111-114.
Unemployment
Bowyer, Jerry (2007). Unemployment Not So Black-and-White. Human Events, 63 (14) 5-5.
Wright, James (2007). Crisis: Black Male Unemployment. (Cover story) New York Amsterdam News, 98 (12), 1-45.
Advincula, Anthony D. (2006). Unemployment Decline: Real or Imagined? New York Amsterdam News, 97 (45), 1-41.
Porter Brenda (2006). Black Males Locked Out Jobs. Black Enterprise, 36 (7), 42 (½).
McGregor, Susan E. (2005). Poor in New York, part 4: Employment just out of reach (cover story) New York Amsterdam News, 96 (51) 1-30
Cooke, Thomas J. (1993). Proximity to Job Opportunities and African American Male Employment: A Test of the Spatial Mismatch Hypothesis in Indianapolis The Professional Geographer, 45 (4), 407-415.
Vedder, Richard; Gallaway, Lowell (1993). Declining Black Employment. Society, 30 (5), 57-63.
Health
Heart Disease
Christian, Allison H.; Rosamond, Wayne; White, Anthony R.; Mosca, Lori (2007). Nine-Year Trends and Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Women’s Awareness of Heart Disease and Stroke: An American Heart Association National Study. Journal of Women’s Health, 16 (1), 68-81.
Hayes, D.K.; Denny, C.H.; Croft, J.B.; Sundaram, A.A.; Greenlund, K.J.(2006). Racial/Ethnic and Socioeconomic Differences in Multiple Risk Factors for Heart Disease and Stroke in Women: Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, 2003. Journal of Women’s Health, 15 (9), 1000-1008.
Bureau of Health Statistics and Research Pennsylvania Department of Health (2006). Data Highlights, Cancer Rates, Incidence and Mortality, Racial Disparities and Behavioral Risks. www.health.state.pa.us/stats, 1-8.
Shelby, Rebecca A.; Lamdan, Ruth M.; Siegel, Jamie E.; Hrywna, Mary; Taylor, Kathryn L. (2006). Standardized Versus Open-Ended Assessment of Psychosocial and Medical Concerns Among African American Breast Cancer Patients. Psycho-Oncology, 15 (unknown), 382-397.
Bradley, P.K.; Berry, A.; Lang, C.; Meyers, R.E. (2006). Getting Ready: Developing an Educational Intervention to Prepare African American Women for Breast Biopsy. Association of Black Nursing Faculty Journal, 17 (1), 15-19.
Weathers, Benita; Barg, Frances K.; Collier, Aliya; Halbert, Chanita Hughes (2005). Perceptions of Changes in Weight Among African American Breast Cancer Survivors. Psycho-Oncology, 15 (unknown), 174-179.\
Halbert, CH.; Kessler L.; Collier A.; Paul Wileyto E.; Brewster K.;Weathers B. (2005). Psychological functioning in African American women at an increased risk of hereditary breast and ovarian cancer. Clinical Genetics: An International Journal of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, 68 (3), 222-227.
True, Gale; Phipps, Etienne J.; Braitman, Leonard E.; Harralson, Tina; Harris, Diana; Tester William (2005).Treatment Preferences and Advance Care Planning at End of Life: The Role of Ethnicity and Spiritual Coping in Cancer Patients. The Society of Behavioral Medicine, 30 (2), 174-179.
Stelger, Gail; Samkoff, Judith; Karoullas, Judy. (2003).A Program of Interventions Designed to Increase Mammography Rates in Women Ages 50 Years and Older for an Underserved Racial Minority. Journal of Health and Human Services Administration, 26(3) 336-349.
Margolis, Mitchell L.; Christie, Jason D.; Silvestri, Gerard A.; Kaiser, Larry; Santiago, Silverio; Hansen-Flaschen, John (2003). Racial Differences Pertaining to a Belief about Lung Cancer Surgery: Results of a Molecular Survey. Annals of Internal Medicine 139 (7), 558-564.
American Lung Association site. Lung Cancer and African Americans. American Lung Cancer Association, 1-2. Retrieved on 6/12/2007 from http://www.lungusa.org/site/pp.aspx?c=dvLUK9O0E&b=309036&printmode=1
Dewberry, Deanna (2007). African Americans at high Risk for Prostate Cancer. News @ 5pm. Retrieved from www.wishtv.com
Cabrera, Claudio E, (2005). New Study indicates racial gap in breast cancer death rates. New York Amersterdam News, 96 (43), 4-38.
Stroke
Harris, C; Ayala, C; Dai, S; Croft, JB. (2005)Disparities in Deaths From Stroke Among Person Aged <75Years-United States, 1995-2002. Journal of the American Medical Association, 294 (3), 299-306.
Wellbery, Caroline (2004). Ticlopidine vs. Aspirin for Stroke Prevention in Blacks. American Family Physicians, 69 (3), 669.
Pratt, Charlotte A.; Ha, Louisa; Levine, Steven R.; Pratt, Cornelius B. (2003). Stroke Knowledge and Barriers to Stroke Prevention Among African Americans: Implications for Health Communication. Journal of Health Communication, 8 (4), 369-381.
Sacco, Ralph L. (2003). Preventing Stroke Among Blacks: The Challenges Continue. Journal of the American Medical Association, 289 (22), 3005-3006.
Diabetes
Baptiste-Roberts, Kesha; Gary, Tiffany L.; Beckles, Gloria L.A.; Gregg, Edward W.; Owens, Michelle; Porterfield, Deborah; Engelgau, Michael M. (2007). Family History of Diabetes, Awareness of Risk Factors, and Health Behaviors Among African Americans. American Journal of Public Health, 97 (5), 907-912.
Borrell, Luisa N.; Dallo, Florence J.; White, Kellee (2006).Education and Diabetes in a Racially and Ethnically Diverse Population. American Journal of Public Health, 96 (9), 1637-1642.
Robbins, Jessica M.; Webb, David A. (2006).Hospital Admission Rates for Racially Diverse Low-Income Cohort of Patients With Diabetes: The Urban Diabetes Study. American Journal of Public Health, 96 (9), 1260-1264.
Roy, M.; Rendas-Baum, R.; Skurnick, J. (2006). Mortality in African Americans with Type 1 Diabetes: The New Jersey 725. Diabetic Medicine Journal of Diabetes UK, 23(6), 698-706.
Urrutia-Rojas, Ximena; Menchacea, John (2006). Prevalence of Risk for Type 2 Diabetes in school Children. Journal of School Health, 76 (5), 189-194.
Gale, Edwin A.M. (2002). The Rise of Childhood Type 1 Diabetes in the 20th Century. American Diabetes Association, Inc. Diabetes 51 (12), 3353-3361.
Lipman, Terri H.; Chang, Yuefang; Murphy, Kathryn M. (2002).The Epidemiology of Type 1 Diabetes in Children in Philadelphia 1990-1994. Diabetes Care, 25 (11), 1969- 1975.
DiLiberti, John H.; Lorenz, Rodney A. (2001).Long-Term Trends in Childhood Diabetes Mortality: 1968-1998. Diabetes Care, 24(8), 1348-1352.
Homicide
Marks, Alexander (2007). In Philadelphia a ‘disturbing’ black murder rate. The Christian Science Monitor, 1-4. Retrieved 0n 7/9/2007 from http://www.csmonitor.com/2007/0213/p01s02-ussc.htm
Maganini, Stephen (2007). Helping Black Teens Prevail: Urban League program will offer employment and mentoring to at-risk youths. The Sacramento Bee.
Roberts, Chris (2007). What will it take to stop black-on-black crime? Minnesota Public Radio. Retrieved form http://minnesota.publicradio.org/display/web/2007/07/06/blackonblack/
Clark, Vernon (2007).Street urges youth to ‘put it down’: A city campaign aims to get the slogan on the streets this summer to reduce gun violence. The Philadelphia Inquirer via www.philly.com. Retrieved on 7/9/2007.
Moore, Martha T. (2005). Murders on the rise in Philadelphia. USA Today Dec. 5 2005
HIV/AIDS
Amorosa V.; Synnestvedt, M.; Gross, R.; Friedman, H.; MacGregor, RR.; Gudonis, D.; Frank, I.; Tebas, P. (2005). A Tale of Epidemics: The Intersection Between Obesity and HIV Infection in Philadelphia. Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome, 39 (5), 557-561.
Gebo, Kelly A.; Fleishman, John A.; Conviser, Richard; Reilly, Erin D.; Korthuis, Todd P.; Moore Richard D.; Hellinger, James; Keiser, Philip; Rubin, Haya R.; Crane, Lawrence; Hellinger, Fred J.; Mathews, W. Christopher (2005). Racial and Gender Disparities in Receipt of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy Persist in a Multistate Sample HIV Patients [Epidemiology and Social Science]. Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome, 38 (1), 96-103
Davis, Eddie (2005). Social Security and the African American male. Journal of Sociology and Social Welfare,
Strader, Doris B. (2005). Coinfection with HIV and Hepatitis C Virus in Injection Drug Users and Minority Populations. Clinical Infectious Disease, 41 (Supplement 1) S7-S13.
Bogart, Laura M.; Thorburn, Sheryl (2004). Are HIV/AIDS Conspiracy Beliefs a Barrier to HIV Prevention Among African Americans? Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome 38 (2), 213-218.
Lemelle, Jr., Anthony J. (2002). Racialized Social System and HIV Infection: The Case of African Americans. International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy, 20 (4/5/6) 133-158.
Cruz-Dillard, K.; Beale, DK. (2002).Targeting HIV prevention interventions in Philadelphia: the risk pocket model. International AIDS Conference. Retrieved from http://gateway.nlm.nih.gov/MeetingAbstracts/102255787.html
Lauby, Jennifer L.; Smith, Philip, J.; Stark, Michael; Person, Bobbie; Adams, Janet (2000). A Community-level HIV Prevention Intervention for Inner-City Women: Results of the Women and Infants Demonstration Projects. American Journal of Public Health, 90 (2), 216-222.
Williams, Byron (2007). Oakland opens new front in war on Aids. Oakland Tribune via Online news site (insdebayarea.com). Retrieved on 7/9/2007 from insidebayarea.com
Pillai, Kavita (2007). Free HIV test target African-Americans. The Atlanta Journal-Constitution, Retrieved on 7/9/2007
Herbert, Bob (2007). Blacks must mobilize and use voting power. Pasadena Star News. Retrieved on 7/9/2007.
The Associated Press (2007). Missed Opportunities. The Washington Times. Retrieved from www.washingtontimes.com on 7/9/2007.
Hypertension
Tanaka, Masako; Jaamaa, Gundegmaa; Kaiser, Michelle; Hills, Elaine; Soim, Aida; Zhu, Motao; Shcherbatykh, Ivan Y.; Samelson, Renee; Bell, Erin; Zdeb, Michael; McNutt, Louise-Anne (2007) .Racial Disparity in Hypertension Disorders of Pregnancy in New York State: A 10 Year Longitudinal Population-Based Study. American Journal of Public Health, 97 (), 163-170.
Rao, Shobha; Cherukuri, Manjula; Mayo, Helen G. (2007). What is the best treatment for hypertension in African Americans? Journal of Family Practice, 58 (2), 149-151.
McGregor, Susan E. (2007). Disease Affecting Our Community. New York Amsterdam News, 98 (Special Section), 11-13.
Deas, Gerald W. (2006). The three deadly sins of health. New York Amsterdam News, 97 (43), 32-32.
Haas, M. (2006). Hypertension, race and glomeruli: more than simply a numbers game. Kidney International 69 (4), 640-642.
James, Sherman A.; Van Hoewyk, John; Williams, David R.; Raghunathan, Trevillore E.; Bell, Robert F.; Strogatz, David S. (2006). Life-Course Socioeconomic Position and Hypertension in African American Men: The Pitt County Study. American Journal of Public Health, 96 (5), 812-817.
Webb, Mary S.; Gonzalez, Lois O. (2006). The Burden of Hypertension; Mental Representation of African American Women. Issues in Mental Health Nursing, 27 (3), 249-271.
Silverstein, Douglas M.; Champoux, Edward; Aviles, Diego H.; Vehaskari, V. Matti (2006). Treatment of primary and secondary hypertension in children. Journal of Pediatric Nephrology 21 (6), 820-827.
Chapman, Arlene; Millhouse-Jones, Frieda; Lea, Janice; Rahbari, Frederic; Baranco-Pryor, Evelyn (2005). Hypertensive Pharmacogenomics in African American. Current Pharmacogenomics, 3 (4), 271-279.
Prichard, B.N.C.; Cruickshank, J.M.; Graham, B.R. (2001).Beta-Adrenergic Blocking Drugs in the Treatment of Hypertension. Blood Pressure, 10 (), 366-386.
Legato, Marianne J. (1998). Cardiovascular Disease in Women: Gender-Specific Aspects of Hypertension and the Consequences of Treatment. Journal of Women’s Health, 7 (4), 199-209.
Infant Mortality
Baffour, Tiffany D.; Jones, Maurice A.; Contreras, Linda K. (2006).Family Health Advocacy: An Empowerment Model for Pregnant and Parenting African American Women in Rural Communities. Family & Community Health, 29 (3), 221-228.
Friscella, Kevin (2004). Racial Disparity in Infant and Maternal Mortality: Confluence of Infection, and Microvascular Dysfunction. Maternal and Child Health Journal, 8 (2), 45-54.
David, Dick (2004). More Research Needed on Growing Disparity between Whites, Black Infant Death Rates, Experts Say. Black Issues in Higher Education, 21 (9) 28-28.
Clefton, Elaine R. (2003). “Are You Beginning to See A Pattern Here? Family and Medical Discourse Shape the Story of Black Infant Mortality. Journal of Sociology and Social Welfare, 30 (1), 41-63.
Gibson, Eric; Culhane, Jennifer; Saunders, Terri; Webb, David; Greenspan, Jay (2000). Effect of Nonviable Infants on the Infant Mortality Rate in Philadelphia, 1992., American Journal of Public Health, 90 (8), 1303-1306.
Pagnini, Deanna L.; Reichman, Nancy E. (2000). Psychosocial Factors and the Timing of Prenatal Care Among Women in New Jersey’s HealtyStart Program. Family Planning Perspectives, 32 (2) 56-64.
Mental Health
History of Mental Health Care
Lowe, Tony B. (2006). Nineteenth Century Review of Mental Health Care for African Americans: A Legacy of Service and Policy Barriers. Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare, 32 (4), 29-50.
Theories of Mental Health
Jackson, Gerald Gregory (1979). The Roots of the Backlash Theory in Mental Health. Journal of Black Psychology, 6 (1), 19-45.
African Americans and General Population Data
Bolden, Lois; Newsome Wicks, Mona (2005). Length of Stay, Admission Types, Psychiatric Diagnoses, and the Implications of Stigma in African Americans in the Nationwide Inpatient Sample. Issues in Mental Health Nursing, 26 (10), 1043-1059.
Wang, Phillip S.; Demler, Olga; Kessler, Ronald C. (2002).Adequacy of Treatment for Serious Mental Illness in the United States. American Journal of Public Health, 92 (1), 92-98.
Walker, Rheeda L. (2007). Acculturation and Acculturative Stress as Indicators for Suicide Risk Among African Americans. American Journal Orthopsychiatry, 77 (3), 386-391.
Drucker, Ernest M. (2003). The Impact of Mass Incarceration on Public Health in Black Communities. The National Urban League: The State of Black America; 2003 ProQuest Direct Complete 151.
Siefert, Kristine; Finlayson, Tracy L.; Williams, David R.; and Delva, Jorge (2007). Modifiable Risk and Protective Factors for Depressive Symptoms in Low-Income African American Mothers. American Journal Orthopsychiatry, 77 (1), 113-123.
Smith, Jacqueline R.; Wermeling, Linda (2007).Counseling Preferences of African American Women. AdultSpan Journal, 6 (1), 4-14.
Student Lifestyles and Emotional Well-Being at a Historically Black University. Dzokoto, Vivian; Hicks, Terence; Miller, Eboni (2007). Education, 127 (4), 511-522.
Duncan Lonnie E. (2003). Black Male College Students’ Attitudes Toward Seeking Psychological Help. Journal of Black Psychology, 29 (1), 68-86.
Clinical Issues in the Use of the DSM-II-R with African American Children: A Diagnostic Paradigm. Journal of Black Psychology, 29 (1), 68-86.
Alexander Jr., Rudolph (1996).African American Youths and Drugs: A Time to Pursue a Mental Health Approach. Journal of Black Psychology, 22 (3), 374-387.
Constantine, Madonna G.; Alleyne, Vanessa L.; Wallace, Barbara C.; Franklin-Jackson, Deidre C. (2006). Africentric Cultural Values: Their Relation to Positive Mental Health in African American Adolescent Girls. Journal of Black Psychology, 32 (2), 141-154.
Mental Health in the African American Community of Philadelphia
Kelch-Oliver, Karia; Leslie, A. Leigh (2006). Biracial Females’ Relations on Racial Identity Development in Adolescence. Journal of Feminist Family Therapy, 18 (4), 53-74.
Wallace, Sherri L.; Allen, Marcus D. (2008). Survey of African American Portrayal in Introductory Textbook in American Government/ Politics: A Report of the APSA Standing Committee on the Status of Blacks in the Profession. The Profession, PSOnline www.apsanet.org
Crime
Career Criminals/ Offenders/Criminal Behavior
Piquero, Alex R.; White, Norman A. (2003).On the relationship between cognitive abilities and life-course-persistent offending among a sample of African Americans: A longitudinal test of Moffitt’s hypothesis. Journal of Criminal Justice, 31(5), 399-409.
Piquero, Alex R.; Gibson, Chris L.; Tibbetts, Stephen G.; Turner, Michael G. and Katz, Solomon H. (2002). Maternal Cigarette Smoking During Pregnancy and Life-Course-Persistent Offending. International Journal of Offender-Therapy and Comparative Criminology, 46 (2), 231-248.
Gomez-Smith, Zenta; Piquero, Alex R. (2002). An examination of adult onset offending. Journal of Criminal Justice, 33 (6), 515-525.
Williams, Jenny; Sickles, Robin C.; (2002). An Analysis of the Crime as Work Model: Evidence from the 1958 Philadelphia Birth Cohort Study. The Journal of Human Resources, 47 (3), 479-509.
Piquero, Alex R.; Chung, He Len ((2001). On the relationship between gender, early onset, and the seriousness of offending. Journal of Criminal Justice, 29 (3), 189-206.
Gibson, Chris L.; Piquero, Alex R. and Tibbetts, Stephen G. (2001) The Contribution of Family Adversity and Verbal IQ to Criminal Behavior. International Journal of Offender-Therapy and Comparative Criminology, 45 (5), 574-592.
D’Unger, Amy V.; Land, Kenneth C.; McCall, Patricia L. and Nagin, Daniel S. (1998). How Many Latent Classes of Delinquent/ Criminal Careers? Results from Mixed Poisson Regression Analyses. American Journal of Sociology, 103 (6), 1591-1630.
Court and Legal System
Brandwein, Pamela (2007). A Judicial Abandonment of Blacks? Rethinking the “State Action” Cases of the Waite Court. The Law and Society Review, 41 (2), 343-386.
Ruback, R. Barry; Ruth, Gretchen R.; and Shaffer, Jennifer N. (2005). Assessing the Impact of Statutory Change: A Statewide Multilevel Analysis of Restitution Orders in Pennsylvania. Crime and Delinquency, 51 (3), 318-342.
Piquero, Alex R. (2000). Assessing the relationship between gender, chronicity, seriousness, and offense skewness in criminal offending. Journal of Criminal Justice, 28 (2), 103-115.
Cappell, Charles L. (1990). The Status of Black Lawyers. Work and Occupations, 17 (1), 100-121.
Rowe, G.S. (1989). Black Offenders, Criminal Courts and Philadelphia Society in the Late Eighteenth-Century. Journal of Social History, 22 (4), 685-712.
Katz, Jack (1986). Blacks in the Law: Philadelphia and the Nation. Qualitative Sociology, 9 (1), 85-88.
Segal, Geraldine R.; Hall, Raymond L. (1984). Blacks in Law: Philadelphia and the Nation. Contemporary Sociology, 13 (5), 630-631. A Book Review.
Hawkins, J.D (1983). Delinquency prevention programs for minorities of color. Social Work Research and Abstracts, 19 (2), 5-12
Denno, Deborah (1981). Psychological Factors for the Black Defendant in a jury Trail. Journal of Black Studies, 11 (3), 313-326.
Drugs
Davis, Corey S.; Burris, Scott; Kraut-Becher, Julie; Lynch, Kevin G.; and Metzger, David (2005). Effects of an Intense Street-Level Intervention on Syringe Exchange Program Utilization: Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. American Journal of Public Health, 95 (2), 233 Retrieved from http://ssrn.com/abstract=871973
De Li, Spencer (2005). Race, Self Control, and Drug Problems Among Jail Inmates. Journal of Drug Issues, 35 (4).
Kane, Robert J.; Yacoubian Jr., George S. (1999). Patterns of Drug Escalation Among Philadelphia Arrestees: An Assessment of the Gateway Theory. Journal of Drug Issues, 29 (1).
Juvenile Crime
Gould, Chuck (1997). “What’s the matter with kids today”? Corrections Today, 59 p6.
Monahan, Thomas P. (1970). Police dispositions of Juvenile Offenders: The Problem of Measurement and A Study of Philadelphia Data. Phylon, 31 (2), 129-141.
Monahan, Thomas P. (1961). On the Incidence of Delinquency. Social Forces, 39 (1), 66-72.
Media and Crime
Walsh, Anthony (2005). African American and Serial Killing in the Media: The Myth and the Reality. Homicide Studies, 9 (4), 271-291.
Perloff, Richard M. (2000). The Press and Lynching of African Americans. Journal of Black Studies, 30 (3), 315-. Online version retrieved from Http://jbs.sagepub.com
Dixon, Travis L.; Linz, Daniel (2000). Overrepresentation and Underrepresentation of African Americans and Latinos as lawbreakers on television news. Journal of Communication, 50 (2), 131-154.
Welsh, Wayne N.; Stokes, Robert; and Greene, Jack R. (2000).A Micro-Level Model of School Disorder. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 37 (4), 243-283.
Pefflet, Mark; Hurwitz, Jon and Sniderman, Paul M. (1997). Racial Stereotypes and Whites’ Political Views of Blacks in the Contest of Welfare and Crime. American Journal of Political Science, 41 (1), 30-60.
Torres, Sam (1999). Hate Crimes Against African Americans : The Extent of the Problem. Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice, 15 (1), 48-63.
Gross, Van; Phillip, Kavita (2001). Mumia Abu-Jamal and the Social Wage of Whiteness. Radical History Review, 81, 5-14.
Matsueda, Ross L. (2006). Differential social organization, collective action, and crime. Crime Law and Social Change, 41(1-2), 3-33.
Hakim, Simon; Shachmurove, Yochanan (1996). Spatial and Temporal Patterns of Commercial Burglaries. American Journal of Economics and Sociology, 35 (4), 443-456.
Neighborhood Quality. Greenberg, Michael; Schneider, Dona; Choi, Daiwoo (1994). Geographical Review, 84, 1-15.
Steinberg, Allen; Mohr, John (1992). The Transformation of Criminal Justice: Philadelphia, 1800-1880. Contemporary Sociology, 21 (2), 233-234.
Police
Lewis, William G. (1989).Toward Representative Bureaucracy: Blacks in City Organizations, 1975-1985. Public Administration Review, 49(3), 257-268.
Shepard Engel, Robin; Calnon, Jennifer M. (2004). Comparing Benchmark Methodologies for Police-Citizen Contacts: Traffic Stop Data Collection for the Pennsylvania State Police. Police Quarterly, 17 (1), 97-125.
Lawton, Brian A.; Houston, Sam (2007). Levels of Nonlethal Force: An Examination of Individual, Situational, and Contextual Factors. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 44(2), 163-184.
Stone, Christopher (2007). Tracing police accountability in theory and practice: From Philadelphia to Abuja and Sao Paulo. Theoretical Criminology, 11 (2), 245-259.
White, Michael D. (2000). Police Shootings in Philadelphia: An Analysis of Two Decades of Deadly Force. Dissertation Abstracts International, A: The Humanities and Social Sciences, 61 (1), 366-377.
McCarthy, Albert J. (1998). Zero tolerance in a small town. FBI Labor Force Bulletin 67(1), 6-10.
Prison System
Jacobs, David; Kleban, Richard (2003).Political Institutions, Minorities, and Punishment: A Pooled Cross-National Analysis of Imprisonment Rates. Social Forces, 80(2), 725-755.
Welsh, Wayne N.; Zajac, Gary (2004).Building an Effective Research Partnership Between A University and a State Correctional Agency: Assessment of Drug Treatment in Pennsylvania Prisons. The Prison Journal, 84 (2), 143-170.
Race/Ethnicity Imbalance in Pennsylvania’s Prisons: Comparisons across Case-Processing Stages and White-Black-Hispanic Subgroups. Motivans, Mark Alan (2001). Dissertation Abstracts International, A: The Humanities and Social Sciences, 62 (5), 1948A.
Austin, Roy L.; Allen, Mark D. (2000). Racial Disparity in Arrest Rates as an Explanation of Racial Disparity in Commitment to Pennsylvania’s Prisons. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 37 (2), 200-220.
Goetting, Ann; Howsen, Roy Michael (1983). Blacks in Prison: A Profile. Criminal Justice Review, 8 (2), 21-31.
De Li, Spencer (2005). Race, Self-Control, and Problems Among Jail Inmates. Journal of Drug Issues, 35 (4), 645-663.
Solomon, Phyllis; Draine, Jeffrey (1995). Issues in Servicing the Forensic Client. Journal of Social Work, 40 (1), 25-33.
Mental Health Status of Prisoners in an Urban Jail. Guy, Edward; Platt, Jerome J.; Zwerling, Israel; Bullock, Samuel (1985). Criminal Justice and Behavior, 12 (1), 29-53.
Violent Crime
Bennett, Jr., M. Daniel; Fraser, Mark W. (2000). Urban Violence among African American Males: Integrating Family, Neighborhood, and Peer Perspectives. Journal of Sociology and Social Welfare, 27 (3), 93-117.
Violence Among African Americans. A conceptual Assessment of Potential Explanations. Bruce, Marino A. (2000). Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice, 61 (2), 171-193.
Jacobs, David; Wood, Katherine (1999). Interracial Conflict and Interracial Homicide: Do Political and Economic Rivalries Explain White Killings of Blacks or Black Killings of Whites? The American Journal of Sociology, 105 (1), 157-190.
Lafree, Gary; Drass, Kriss A. (1997). African American Collective Action and Crime, 1955-1991. Social Forces, 75 (3), 835-854.
West, Carolyn Marie (1995). Courtship Violence among African Americans. Dissertation Abstracts International, A: The Humanities and Social Sciences, 55 (9), 3016-A.
Shin, Yongsock; Jedlicka, Davor; Lee, Everett S. (1977). Homicide among Blacks. Phylon(1960-), 38 (4), 398-407.
Victim, Offender, and Situational Characteristics of Violent Crime. Denno, Deborah W. (1986). The Journal of Criminal Law & Criminology, 77 (4), 1142-1158.
Gender & Crime
Loza, Wendy; Neo, Lee Hong; Shahinfar, Ariana; Loza-Fanous, Amel (2005). Cross-Validation of the Self-Appraisal Questionnaire: A tool for Assessing Violent and Nonviolent Recidivism with Female Offenders. International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, 49 (5), 547-560.
Black Female Gang in Philadelphia. Brown, Waln K. (1977). International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, 21 (3), 221-228.
Anonymous (1997).To keep my self-respect: Dean Lucy Diggs Slowe’s 1927 memorandum on the sexual Harassment of black women. NWSA Journal, 9 (2), 70-76.
Scott, Edward M. (1977). Women Criminals. Therapy with Female Offenders. International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, 21 (3), 208-220.