0824. Gender and World Societies (3 s.h.) RCI: GG.

Learn about the history of feminine and masculine gender roles from comparative and international perspectives. Using case studies from Ancient Greece, Medieval Europe, West Africa, Victorian Britain, Modern Europe, the Middle East, South Asia, East Asia, and/or Latin America, we will explore certain themes—The State, The Sacred, Work, The Family, The Body and Sexuality, Modern Revolutionary Movements—to investigate how gender and gender roles have changed over time, and their significance today. Readings include primary sources written both by men and by women, secondary sources, novels, and films.

Students cannot receive credit for this course if they have successfully completed Women`s Studies 0824.

0829. The History & Significance of Race in America (3 s.h.) RCI: GD.

Why were relations between Native Americans and whites violent almost from the beginning of European settlement? How could slavery thrive in a society founded on the principle that “all men are created equal”? How comparable were the experiences of Irish, Jewish, and Italian immigrants, and why did people in the early 20th century think of them as separate “races”? What were the causes and consequences of Japanese Americans’ internment in military camps during World War II? Are today’s Mexican immigrants unique, or do they have something in common with earlier immigrants? Using a variety of written sources and outstanding documentaries, this course examines the racial diversity of America and its enduring consequences.

Students cannot receive credit for this course if they have successfully completed any of the following: AF-AM S 0829, ANTHRO 0829, GUS 0829, POL SCI 0829, or SOC 0829.

0831. The American Dream: Hearing the Immigrant Voice (3 s.h.) RCI: GD.

As a Temple student, you go to school and live in a city full of immigrants. Perhaps your own relatives were immigrants to the United States. But have you ever listened to their stories? With an historical and sociological framework as a basis, we will take an in-depth and more personal look at the immigrant experience as expressed through the immigrants’ own voices in literature and film. Topics explored include: assimilation, cultural identity and Americanization, exploitation and the American Dream, ethnic communities, gender, discrimination and stereotyping.

Students cannot receive credit for this course if they have successfully completed any of the following: ANTHRO 0831, CR LANG 0831, Italian 0831, Russian 0831, or SOC 0831.

0832. Politics of Identity in America (3 s.h.) RCI: GD.

Gay or straight. Black or white. Male or female. What do these different group identities mean to Americans? How do they influence our politics? Should we celebrate or downplay our diversity? This course explores how we think about others and ourselves as members of different groups and what consequences it has for how we treat one another. Our fundamental social identities can be a source of power or of powerlessness, a justification for inequality or for bold social reform. Students learn about the importance of race, class, gender and sexual orientation across a variety of important contexts, such as the family, workplace, schools, and popular culture and the implications these identities have on our daily lives.

Students cannot receive credit for this course if they have successfully completed POL SCI 0832, SOC 0832 or Women’s Studies 0832/0932.

0834. Representing Race (3 s.h.) RCI: GD.

From classical Greece and Rome, who saw themselves under siege by the “barbarian hoards,” to contemporary America and its war on “Islamic extremism,” from “The Birth of a Nation” to “Alien Nation”, Western societies have repeatedly represented a particular group of people as a threat to civilization. This course will examine a wide range of representations of non-Western people and cultures in film, literature, scientific and legal writings, popular culture, and artistic expression. What is behind this impulse to divide the world into “us” and “them”? How is it bound up with our understanding of race and racial difference? And what happens when the “barbarian hoards” talk back?

Students cannot receive credit for this course if they have successfully completed AF-AM S 0834, Anthropology 0834, or English 0834/0934.

0847. American Military Culture (3 s.h.) RCI: GU.

You live in a country that possesses the world’s strongest military forces. Up through the Vietnam War, Americans viewed military service in wartime as a basic obligation for all adult male citizens – the ultimate test of their patriotism and manhood – but a temporary sacrifice that ceased for most on the return of peace. Today, the American people have outsourced their awesome war-making power to a restricted number of men and women – many of whom consider military service their career. We will explore the distinctive culture that shapes the composition and behavior of America’s armed forces and probe how it reflects the strengths and weaknesses of American society.

Students cannot receive credit for this course if they have successfully completed AMER ST 0847.

0848. American Revolutions (3 s.h.) RCI: GU.

From the first encounters with Native Americans to the present, a series of pivotal moments have had an enduring influence on American society, culture, and politics. In each class, three modules will focus on three pivotal moments, such as King Philip’s War, Nat Turner’s Rebellion, the Scopes trial, the Civil Rights movement, the women’s movement, the emergence of Elvis Presley, the sexual revolution, the rise of environmentalism, the Reagan Revolution, and 9-11. In each module, students will first place the main subject of the module in context, and then seek to understand how it changed American society. The last week of each module will be devoted to a consideration of how the subject of that module has become part of American collective memory.

Students cannot receive credit for this course if they have successfully completed any of the following: AMER ST 0848, ANTHRO 0848, GUS 0848, or SOC 0848.

0849. Dissent in America (3 s.h.) RCI: GU.

(Formerly: GE-US 0061.)

Throughout American history individuals and groups of people have marched to the beat of a different drummer, and raised their voices in strident protest. Study the story and development of dissent in America. How has dissent shaped American society? In addition to studying the historical antecedents of dissent, students will have first-hand experience visiting and studying a present-day dissent organization in the Philadelphia area to investigate connections between the history of dissent and the process of making dissenting opinion heard today.

Students cannot receive credit for this course if they have successfully completed English 0849/0949 or SOC 0849.

0859. The Making of American Society: Melting Pot or Culture Wars? (3 s.h.) RCI: GU.

Terrorism, illegal immigration, gay marriage, religious conflict, political in-fighting, corporate corruption, racial animosities, civil liberties assaults, media conglomeration, Wal-Mart goes to China and the rich get richer. America in the 21st century is a contentious society. How did we get to this place in time? Examine what makes American society distinctive from other advanced industrial democracies as we study the philosophical origins of America, the development of social and economic relationships over time, and the political disputes dominating contemporary American life. The course relies heavily on perspectives from History, Sociology and Political Science to explain the challenges facing contemporary American society.

Students cannot receive credit for this course if they have successfully completed any of the following: AMER ST 0859, PHIL 0859, POL SCI 0859, or SOC 0859.

0861. Global Slavery (3 s.h.) RCI: GG.

Investigate global slavery as an historic phenomenon and a current reality. How is it that after the great emancipation movements of the 19th century and the International Geneva Convention (1926) outlawing slavery there are still 27 million slaves and counting? This course argues that any critique of globalization requires an understanding of why it has taken several millennia for anti-slavery law to emerge and why such legislation continues to have limited reach and effectiveness. It argues that there is no modernity and no globalization without slavery. Explore this problem by asking a basic question: By what techniques, abstract and concrete, do masters make themselves as visible by constructing slaves as invisible? With film viewings, carefully selected readings, debates and group projects, you will be led to make your own connections to these themes, and to consider global slavery as part of the past and the present.

Note: This course fulfills the World Society (GG) requirement for students under Gen Ed and International Studies (IS) for students under Core.

0862. Fate, Hope, and Action: Globalization Today (3 s.h.) RCI: GG.

Use historical and case study methods to study the differences between rich and poor nations and the varied strategies available for development in a globalizing world. Examine the challenges facing developing countries in historical and contemporary context and analyze the main social, cultural, and political factors that interact with the dynamic forces of the world economy. These include imperialism/colonialism, state formation, labor migration, demographic trends, gender issues in development, religious movements and nationalism, the challenges to national sovereignty, waves of democratization, culture and mass media, struggles for human rights, environmental sustainability, the advantages and disadvantages of globalization, and movements of resistance.

Students cannot receive credit for this course if they have successfully completed any of the following: GUS 0862, POL SCI 0862, or SOC 0862.

0864. War and Peace (3 s.h.) RCI: GG.

Total war, weapons of mass destruction, genocide. These were not solely inventions of the 20th century nor are they the natural consequences of a violent human nature. Leaders, armies, and the strategies they pursue are rooted in their social and political context. Weapons are the products of not merely technological but also historical and cultural development. Battles occur on a political and historical terrain. Learn how ancient ideology, medieval technology, modern propaganda, and more have changed how humans wage war and make peace.

Students cannot receive credit for History 0864/0964 if they have successfully completed POL SCI 0864/0964.

0865. The Global Crisis: Power, Politics and the Making of Our Times (3 s.h.) RCI: GG.

Are we living in a time of global crisis? This course will provide you with the tools you need to find out. The course focuses on world politics over the past century, up to today. We will examine a number of key global problems as they have changed over time. We will adopt an historical approach, which means we will read texts and documents about the past as a way to understand the present. Together we will explore debates like: Is America an empire? What is ideology and is it a factor in world politics today? What role do diplomacy, strategy, and military power play in world affairs? How have non-western peoples and states challenged the power of the West, and with what results? What are the roots of ethnic and religious conflict? And what can we as citizens do to address truly global problems? Drawing on examples from 20th century world history, this course introduces you to world politics and the great debates of our time.

Note: This course fulfills the World Society (GG) requirement for students under Gen Ed and International Studies (IS) for students under Core.

0866. World Affairs (3 s.h.) RCI: GG.

We live in a global age when events beyond our borders significantly affect our lives. Sharpen your understanding of international developments, including wars, economic globalization, wealth and poverty, the spread of democracy, environmental degradation, and global pandemics. This course offers an introduction to the study of world affairs that gives you the conceptual tools to deepen your understanding of how major historical and current trends in the world affect your life and that of others around the globe. Readings include historical documents, classic texts in the study of international relations, and current perspectives on the state of the world from multiple disciplinary perspectives.

0949. Honors Dissent in America (3 s.h.) RCI: GU.

(Formerly: GE-US H061.)

Throughout American history individuals and groups of people have marched to the beat of a different drummer, and raised their voices in strident protest. Study the story and development of dissent in America. How has dissent shaped American society? In addition to studying the historical antecedents of dissent, students will have first-hand experience visiting and studying a present-day dissent organization in the Philadelphia area to investigate connections between the history of dissent and the process of making dissenting opinion heard today. (This is an Honors course.)

Students cannot receive credit for this course if they have successfully completed English 0849/0949 or SOC 0849/0949.

0964. Honors War and Peace (3 s.h.) RCI: GG.

Total war, weapons of mass destruction, genocide. These were not solely inventions of the 20th century nor are they the natural consequences of a violent human nature. Leaders, armies, and the strategies they pursue are rooted in their social and political context. Weapons are the products of not merely technological but also historical and cultural development. Battles occur on a political and historical terrain. Learn how ancient ideology, medieval technology, modern propaganda, and more have changed how humans wage war and make peace. (This is an Honors course.)

1002. America in the Age of Lincoln (3 s.h.)

(Formerly: HISTORY 0072.)

This course uses Abraham Lincoln's extraordinary life as a prism through which to view the Civil War era. We will read and analyze Lincoln's legendary speeches and other primary sources, and sample the vast scholarship on his political career and personal life. We will debate his views on slavery, emancipation, civil liberties, and military strategy, and evaluate his record and his legacy as a leader.

1003. History of the American West (3 s.h.)

(Formerly: HISTORY 0070.)

This course examines the American West as a place of conquest, as a largely desert environment quite unlike the East, and as an icon of American culture. Through lecture, reading, and discussion, we will explore these three overlapping themes: 1) cultural encounters in the West, among Euroamericans, Indians, Mexican-Americans of the Southwestern borderlands, and Asian immigrants to the Pacific Coast; 2) the reciprocal relationship between people and the environment; and 3) the cultural symbolism of the American West, both as an enduring national icon and as an ideology that has shaped settlement.

1005. Youth, Romance, and Sex in post-WWII America (3 s.h.)

(Formerly: HISTORY 0076.)

American understandings of what is appropriate sexual and romantic behavior for youth changed dramatically over the second half of the 20th century - as did the actual behavior of young people. In this course we will try to understand why those changes took place and how the meanings of `romance` and `sex` have been struggled with in our recent past. This course is also an introduction to the study of history: students will work extensively with primary documents, do oral histories, and analyze different scholarly interpretations of the same set of events.

1008. The Sixties: The American Experience (3 s.h.)

(Formerly: HISTORY 0079.)

This course will explore the history of the United States in the Sixties era with a major focus on struggles for social justice, the Vietnam War, and the counterculture. Through readings, films, guest speakers, lectures, and discussion, we will tackle the great controversies and debates of the era.

1041. Before the Da Vinci Code: The Holy Grail (3 s.h.)

(Formerly: HISTORY 0061.)

This course is intended to acquaint students with the interlinked problems of cultural violence, history writing, and the invention and popularity of Grail romances in 12th century Europe. The Grail romance cycle emerged in the wake of violence perpetrated by Christian Crusaders who traveled to the Eastern Mediterranean to capture Jerusalem and other pilgrimage sites from their Muslim rulers. We will study how the Grail story stages a crisis in chivalric masculinity and enacts fierce contests over knowledge, power, capital, and religious difference endemic in 12th and 13th century Europe. We will also explore why the Grail never lets go in the Western imaginary. We will study how bits and pieces of the Grail story recycled themselves in imperial fantasies of the 19th century, in Nazi Germany, as well as post-War new-Nazi fantasies, up to the Da Vinci Code.

1043. Living Royally: The World of Europe's Kings and Queens (3 s.h.)

(Formerly: HISTORY 0064.)

This course is designed as an introduction to the history, culture, and politics of the European royal court in the pre-1800 period. We will be examining the court as a social institution and a network of privilege and patronage; the court as a physical space that determined access to power, as well as the court as a practical challenge that included the staffing, provisioning, and organization of a household of this size and importance; and the court as the household of the royal family and court nobility. This will include investigation of the sexual, cultural, and social world of the royal family, as well as the rituals and ceremonies associated with noble power and royal kingship.

1045. Sex in 20th Century Europe: Panic and Liberation (3 s.h.)

(Formerly: HISTORY 0069.)

This course examines the 20th century history of sexual attitudes, desires, behaviors, identities, communities, and movements in western Europe (most notably Germany, France and the United Kingdom). We will focus on the period from the 1920s until today, years when celebrations and concerns about sexual liberation, hedonism, the `decline of virtue`, the end of repression, etc., have been constantly at the center of political, social, religious and scientific debates. Among the topics covered are reproduction, fertility, birth control, and abortion; prostitution and commercialized sex; sexually-transmitted diseases; interracial and interethnic sexualities; and same-sex (homo-) and cross-sex (hetero-) sexualities. We explore the importance of sexuality in history and the ways in which the study of sexuality offers opportunities to re-think major themes in the social, cultural, and political histories of the West.

1062. Confronting Empire: Imperialism, Resistance, and the Third World (3 s.h.)

(Formerly: HISTORY 0052.)

This course introduces key themes and issues in the study of both modern imperialism and the opposition and challenges to it emanating from the third world/global South, past and present. Bringing together a variety of primary and secondary source materials, the course examines case studies and specific moments of collective struggle drawn from the disarticulated sites labeled the 'third world'. It spotlights anti-imperialism as a unifying axis of multidimensional opposition, but also reveals the radically democratic aspirations and efforts to achieve participatory social justice that have formed points of commonality among third world people. As such, it develops the tools for comprehending third world peoples as historic agents in the shaping of alternative modernities and imaginings about the end of empire, and through their confrontations as key actors thwarting and destabilizing the imperialist project in the modern world.

1001. History of Philadelphia (3 s.h.)

(Formerly: HISTORY 0167.)

This course is intended as an introduction to the history of Philadelphia, broadly defined as the region as well as the city, and assumes no background or deeply developed interest in American history. It presents a general survey that can pique the curiosity of anyone who wants to explore one of the nation`s most exciting cities, but it is also meant to be especially useful to students imagining careers in such diverse fields as hospitality and tourism, journalism and education, environmental studies and law. The course will examine both how national and international events (say, the Revolution or the rise of the modern global economy) impacted the city, and also how the city experienced forces (like the adoption of the automobile) that transformed it.

1004. United States at War (3 s.h.)

(Formerly: HISTORY 0181.)

This course is a survey of the rise of the American military establishment from its origins as a small, neglected cadre of coastal and frontier guardians to a mighty world police force and the most expensive concern of the federal government. Emphasis will be placed on the development of military policy, the principles of war, and the inter-relationship between military affairs, technology, politics, and social change.

1006. History of Sex and Gender in Film (3 s.h.)

(Formerly: HISTORY 0075.)

Cross Listed with Women`s Studies 2159 (0159).

Students will analyze mainstream, popular films produced in the post-WWII 20th century U.S., treating them as cultural texts that shed light on the ongoing historical struggles over gender identity and appropriate sexual behaviors. The course focuses on a volatile and complicated period in America`s history: the years from World War II through the present. In those years, America`s social-sexual mores and our ideas of masculinity and femininity (as well as our definitions of appropriate gender roles) have changed dramatically, but not without controversy. In watching and analyzing films that millions of Americans saw when they were first released, we will try to understand how these films fit into ongoing conversations about sex and gender in specific historical eras.

1007. Popular Culture in 20th Century America (3 s.h.)

(Formerly: HISTORY 0174.)

This course examines the roles that stereotypes, fashions, sports, the automobile, movies, radio, television, and leisure activities, have played in 20th century American culture, and the manifestations of political and cultural life that the artifacts and leisure activities of the average American exemplified. A knowledge of the history and development of poplar culture reveals the roots of modern American society and culture, and explains why Americans have not only developed in a unique way, but why their cultural influence has been so great on a global scale. As such, the course allows students to gain a broader view of American society while providing depth and clarity of understanding of it through areas not usually addressed by more traditional avenues of learning. Toward this end, students will write a research paper on a topic in popular culture using written, oral, and visual materials. Emphasis will be placed on the development of the student`s topic through an analysis of historical context, asking a proper historical question, analyzing multiple historical factors, and formulating historical arguments.

1011. Modern U.S. History Through Film (3 s.h.)

(Formerly: HISTORY 0173.)

This course will examine aspects of U.S. history in the 20th century through the use of public released feature motion pictures. In this visually oriented society, every student encounters images of history and culture on an almost daily basis. Critical thinking about the visual media must be learned. Every motion picture is a primary document that can be read, interpreted, and studied with as much depth as a written document. Because of their complexity, however, motion pictures reveal a vast array of contemporary attitudes specific to their period. A series of motion pictures will be shown illustrating different aspects of American history, and students will learn to critically examine these historical documents for different levels of meaning. They will analyze not only the surface plots of the films, but the underlying historical assumptions that provided the intellectual underpinning of the movies. They will write papers based on their abilities to analyze the visual documents and fashion an historical argument.

1013. History of the American Presidency (3 s.h.)

(Formerly: HISTORY 0273.)

This course examines historical developments in the office of the U.S. president from its establishment to contemporary times. Through lectures, discussions, class projects, and outside assignments, we will explore the historical literature dealing with the creation and evolution of the office; the presidents who have shaped the office; the powers and limitations of the office in both foreign and domestic affairs; the president`s relationship to the courts, the Congress, the people, and the press; and the broad political developments essential to our understanding of the place of the presidency within our changing political culture. This course asks: How has our most important national political institution come to be what it is? Two themes permeate the course: (1) what is the source and nature of presidential power? (2) who are the men who have held the office and why have they failed or succeeded? This course prepares students for further historical or other academic studies and for related professional careers in law, journalism, or executive management. More importantly, the course engages students` concerns as life-long participants in American democracy.

1022. Latin American Social Struggles (3 s.h.)

(Formerly: HISTORY 0122.)

An examination of Latin America’s contemporary history from the Cuban Revolution in 1959 through the end of the Cold War to the present. The course explores such matters as revolution and counter-revolution; human rights and institutional accountability; city life and social change; the movement of people, narcotics, goods; and new forms of political and cultural conflict. Methods of instruction include paperback readings, the internet, and video clips.

1046. History of Nazi Germany (3 s.h.)

(Formerly: HISTORY 0150.)

This course studies the rise and decline of Hitler`s Third Reich, from its intellectual origins in the 19th century and World War I, through the meteoric rise of the National Socialist movement during the early 1930`s, to its demise in the ruins of Berlin in 1945. Special attention is given to the sources of support for Nazism among German voters, the structure of the National Socialist state, the role of Adolf Hitler, the Holocaust, and the causes and consequences of the Second World War.

1051. Che Guevara and the Question of Revolution (3 s.h.)

(Formerly: HISTORY 0054.)

Between the coming to power of the Cuban Revolution in 1959 and the early 1990s, Latin America found itself convulsed by revolution and counter-revolution. For many around the world, Che Guevara symbolized heroic revolutionary struggle. Through the prism of Che`s life and image, this course will examine Latin America`s conflicts during this era and discuss the urgent issues that still remain from the question of revolution.

1061. The United States and the Middle East, 1990-Present (3 s.h.)

(Formerly: HISTORY 0051.)

This course introduces students to one of the most important global problems facing the United States, namely, its relations with Middle Eastern peoples and states. It begins with the U.S. involvement in the defeat of the Soviet Union in Afghanistan and moves on to look historically at American conflict with Iraq in the 1990s, the Arab-Israeli problem, and the challenge presented by the geopolitical contest over oil supplies. The U.S. involvement in the region has had huge consequences for the Middle East and South Asia as well as for the American people. The course will use a variety of sources to introduce students to the background of these contemporary conflicts.

1101. U.S. History to 1877 (3 s.h.) SS. RCI: AC.

(Formerly: HISTORY C067.)

This course, United States History to 1877, traces the historical roots of what is now the United States of America: the Mississipian development of agriculture and urban life, the competition of various empires over land and peoples, the successes and failures of European settlements, the forced migration of West Africans and the invention of enslavement and race. By 1776, the United States of America was formed under promises of liberty, equality, property rights, and tolerance. But who would benefit? Who should rule? Partial industrialization, the consolidation of slavery, agricultural specialization, and expansion to the west, along with demands for reform and democracy, made these questions ever more vexed and led to a Civil War and a flawed attempt to reconstitute the Union by 1877. There are no prerequisites.

Note: This course can be used to satisfy the university Core American Culture (AC) requirement. Although it may be usable towards graduation as a major requirement or university elective, it cannot be used to satisfy any of the university Gen Ed requirements. See your advisor for further information.

1102. U.S. History since 1877 (3 s.h.) SS. RCI: AC.

(Formerly: HISTORY C068.)

This is a general survey of the main currents in American history since 1877. Since the 1870s, the people of the United States have struggled over the meaning of equality, the practice of democracy, the politics of economic development, and the role of the United States in the world. This course will explore these themes and others in order to analyze the history of the modern United States.

Note: This course can be used to satisfy the university Core American Culture (AC) requirement. Although it may be usable towards graduation as a major requirement or university elective, it cannot be used to satisfy any of the university Gen Ed requirements. See your advisor for further information.

1103. Race and Ethnicity in American History (3 s.h.) RCI: RS.

(Formerly: HISTORY R160.)

This course deals centrally with the social process by which societies create racial and ethnic groups and define their place in relation to other racial or ethnic groups. Because the emergence of racial and ethnic groups is a historical process, the course will examine American history from the colonial period to the present in order to understand the changing ways that Americans have viewed each other and divided into groups. In short, the course will be rooted in specific processes in American history, but will examine how America formed groups that are given power and prestige, recognized as real Americans, discriminated against, marginalized, enslaved or killed. The groups to be examined include, but are not limited to, Blacks, Native Americans, Irish-Americans, Italian-Americans, Chinese-Americans, Jews, and Chicanos.

Note: This course can be used to satisfy the university Core Studies in Race (RS) requirement. Although it may be usable towards graduation as a major requirement or university elective, it cannot be used to satisfy any of the university Gen Ed requirements. See your advisor for further information.

1104. American Empire (3 s.h.)

(Formerly: HISTORY 0180.)

This course surveys and interprets the creation and growth of the American empire from the colonial era to contemporary times. In doing so, it addresses the fundamental questions of how and why a republic, founded on the lofty principles concerning liberty and equality eloquently expressed in the Declaration of Independence, behaved so aggressively in pursuing territorial and commercial aggrandizement, including the subjugation and in some cases extermination of peoples and nations. The course will also examine the instruments the United States employed to expand its influence and dominion. These include traditional means like force, diplomacy, and economics, and less orthodox methods and agents, ranging from missionaries to movie moguls to the Marlboro Man. Consequently, a major challenge of this course will be both to arrive at an appropriate definition of empire, and further, to identify the constituencies from within the private as well as public sectors, and to a degree from the international community, that contributed to the realization of George Washington`s vision of the United States as a rising empire.

1171. U.S. History to 1877 (1 s.h.)

(Formerly: HISTORY 0067.)

Prerequisite: Recommendation by APP instructor.

A companion course to History 1101 (C067) for first-term freshmen. This course provides guidance with the assignments of the core course. Emphasis is on reading, listening, speaking, and writing within the context of the core course. Assistance is also given in the continued development of English-language skills, especially academic reading and the acquisition of a general academic vocabulary.

Note: Offered at Temple University Japan only.

1202. U.S. History Since 1877 (1 s.h.)

(Formerly: HISTORY 0068.)

Prerequisite: Recommendation by APP instructor.

A companion course to History 1102 (C068) for first-term freshmen. This course provides guidance with the assignments of the core course. Emphasis is on reading, listening, speaking, and writing within the context of the core course. Assistance is also given in the continued development of English-language skills, especially academic reading and the acquisition of a general academic vocabulary.

Note: Offered at Temple University Japan only.

1301. Modern Europe (3 s.h.) SS. RCI: IS.

(Formerly: HISTORY C066.)

This course focuses on major developments in Europe from the 18th through the 20th centuries. Europeans in this period gave shape to the modern state system, spurred the industrial revolution, and founded global empires. They also triggered revolutions, engaged in constant warfare with each other and many non-European peoples, and gave birth to new ideologies such as Communism, Fascism, and Nazism. During this period, Europe also made important advances in science, technology, the humanities and the arts that gave shape to the modern world. This course surveys these developments by drawing on the work of contemporary historians as well as a wide array of primary sources, including novels, memoirs, musical and visual materials. The course provides a basic foundation for further course work in any field of modern history.

Note: This course can be used to satisfy the university Core International Studies (IS) requirement. Although it may be usable towards graduation as a major requirement or university elective, it cannot be used to satisfy any of the university Gen Ed requirements. See your advisor for further information.

1501. Third World History (3 s.h.) SS. RCI: IS.

(Formerly: HISTORY C060.)

Third World History offers a form of global history since 1500 that focuses upon the Third World, approximately three-quarters of the world`s population whose experience has been powerfully shaped by colonialism and imperialism as well as by resistance to these forces. The historical issues raised in the course constitute some of the most fundamental elements shaping the present-day world as well as the immediate future. Particular attention is given to the 20th century. Assignments in the course are concerned with both historical issues and with the development of student analytical and writing skills.

Note: This course can be used to satisfy the university Core International Studies (IS) requirement. Although it may be usable towards graduation as a major requirement or university elective, it cannot be used to satisfy any of the university Gen Ed requirements. See your advisor for further information. In addition to meeting the university Core International Studies requirement, this course meets the Non-Western/Third World IS requirement for Communication Sciences majors. Please note the recent update to the Core IS requirement at www.temple.edu/vpus/documents/Core_IS_UpdateFinal.pdf.

1701. World History Ancient (3 s.h.) RCI: IS.

(Formerly: HISTORY C061.)

An introduction to world history from earliest times until the 15th century. The course surveys the birth of agriculture, early human settlements, the establishment of cities and “civilizations,” the organization of global cultural and religious systems, the power and authority of massive empires, the influence of business interests, and “border peoples” on the fringes of the great systems. The scope is global, and we always ask “How do we know?” and “What is its significance?

Note: This course can be used to satisfy the university Core International Studies (IS) requirement. Although it may be usable towards graduation as a major requirement or university elective, it cannot be used to satisfy any of the university Gen Ed requirements. See your advisor for further information. In addition to meeting the university Core International Studies requirement, this course meets the Non-Western/Third World IS requirement for Communication Sciences majors. Please note the recent update to the Core IS requirement at www.temple.edu/vpus/documents/Core_IS_UpdateFinal.pdf.

1702. World History Modern (3 s.h.) RCI: IS.

(Formerly: HISTORY C062.)

This course begins with Columbus’ voyages, which linked the major trading regions of the world together, and continues through the expansion of imperialism, the revolts against excessive government power and authority, and the invention of astonishing new technologies of creativity and destruction. The course concludes with the formation of new international, national, religious, and gender identities in the last few decades. We analyze economics, politics, technology, culture, religion, and innovative ideas as formative influences. We always ask “How do we know?” and “What is its significance?” as well as “What do we know?” The course serves as an introduction to modern world history that students can build upon in subsequent course work.

Note: This course can be used to satisfy the university Core International Studies (IS) requirement. Although it may be usable towards graduation as a major requirement or university elective, it cannot be used to satisfy any of the university Gen Ed requirements. See your advisor for further information. In addition to meeting the university Core International Studies requirement, this course meets the Non-Western/Third World IS requirement for Communication Sciences majors. Please note the recent update to the Core IS requirement at www.temple.edu/vpus/documents/Core_IS_UpdateFinal.pdf.

1705. War and Society (3 s.h.) RCI: IS.

(Formerly: HISTORY C063.)

This course explores history through the prism of wars, their origins and consequences--with a focus on social, economic, technological, and cultural changes and their correlations with the nature of warfare. Various incarnations of the course examine virtually all regions of the globe, over time periods ranging from the prehistoric to the contemporary.

2103. African American History to 1865 (3 s.h.) RCI: RS.

(Formerly: HISTORY R161.)

This course will examine the activities of African Americans in America from slavery to 1865. Among the topics to be studied are: Slavery, The American Revolution, and the Civil War. In addition, much attention will be devoted toward emphasizing the multi-dimensional aspect of the African American Community, and the crucial role which African American women have played in America will be stressed. The course will focus on themes and questions which are essential to an understanding of the past and to an understanding of the present struggles for full citizenship on the part of African Americans.

Prerequisite: English 1002 (C050) or 0802.

Cross Listed with Russian 2415.

Students will read and study a short history of Russia and then read literary works and watch films depicting various periods, topics, events, figures, and issues in Russian history.

2480. Topics in European History (3 s.h.)

(Formerly: HISTORY 0197.)

Arranged each semester, please consult with the instructor. See the history department web site (www.temple.edu/history) for the specific topics offered each semester.

2501. Introduction to East Asia: China (3 s.h.)

(Formerly: HISTORY 0115.)

Cross Listed with Asian Studies 2501 (0115).

Overview from ancient times to the present. Designed to provide students with a basic understanding of major themes and broad processes of social change in Chinese history. Emphasizes those aspects of continuity and change that are particularly relevant to contemporary China. Topics include: state formation; the development of characteristic institutions, thought, and cultural practices; long term trends in social dynamics and the economy; imperialism and semi colonialism; revolutionary transformation in the early 20th century; the Maoist road to socialism after 1949; and the post-socialist trajectory of the past two decades and its critique. Course materials include films, primary documents, and literature.

2502. Introduction to East Asia: Japan (3 s.h.)

(Formerly: HISTORY 0116.)

Cross Listed with Asian Studies 2502 (0116).

A survey of Japanese history from early times to the 20th century. Major themes include religious, political, and social change. Major topics are: early state and religion; classical government, culture and society; emergence of the warrior class in medieval Japan; and the modern transformation into an urban, industrial empire. Course emphasizes broad historical themes of continuity and change and analysis of short primary documents in translation. Generally offered inalternate spring semesters.

2503. Introduction to Southeast Asia: Insular (3 s.h.)

(Formerly: HISTORY 0117.)

Cross Listed with Asian Studies 2503 (0117).

This course covers the histories of the Philippines, Indonesia, Malaysia, and Singapore from the 16th century until modern times. It will introduce students to the island worlds of Southeast Asia, its peoples, their histories, societies, and economies. To familiarize students with non-Western worlds, lectures will be illustrated with videotapes, slides, and transparencies. Excerpts of articles and indigenous documents will also be used for discussion. Course work will include readings, discussions, examinations, and book reviews.

2504. Introduction to Southeast Asia: Mainland (3 s.h.)

(Formerly: HISTORY 0118.)

Cross Listed with Asian Studies 2504 (0118).

This course covers the histories of Burma, Thailand, Laos, Cambodia, and Vietnam, from the 16th century until modern times. It is a course designed to introduce students to the analysis of such forces as religion, statecraft, ideology, and trade, and the manner in which they have shaped the mainland countries of Southeast Asia. Mainland Southeast Asia`s role in world politics and economy will also be analyzed. Reference will be made to contemporary events taking place in the region, and students will be encouraged to follow these developments through the media and integrate their knowledge in class discussions.

2511. Introduction to African History (3 s.h.) SS.

(Formerly: HISTORY 0119.)

This course is an introduction to the study of African history. History is the record of human activities transmitted to posterity either in written or oral form. Africa has the longest record of human habitation, making African history the oldest in the family of human history. Given the immense complexity and richness of African history, we could only scan through the major themes of African history by studying the intertwining of African culture with African history proper. There are six books assigned for this course. They cover interdisciplinary issues pertaining to cultural studies, anthropological explorations, gender relations, and historical studies proper.

2514. Introduction to Latin America (3 s.h.)

(Formerly: HISTORY 0121.)

An overview of Latin American history from pre-Hispanic civilizations through the Spanish and Portuguese colonial periods and nationhood to the present. Organized both chronologically and thematically, the course probes such issues as the rise and fall of political systems; matters of race, gender, and class; the economic conditions of work and survival; and patterns of social and cultural change. Methods of instruction include paperback readings, the Internet, and video clips.

2515. Civilization and Modernity in the Caribbean (3 s.h.)

(Formerly: HISTORY 0227.)

This course surveys post-Emancipation Caribbean history, regarding it as a complex process dominated by notions of 'civilizing' and 'modernizing'. We will address the significance of both terms, exploring what they have meant for the diverse peoples inhabiting the region. What did civilizing mean for the labor practices and religious expressions of free blacks and indentured Indians in the late 19th century? What did modernizing mean for concepts of peoplehood, cultural production and representation in the 20th century? Who have been the primary agents of 'civility' and 'modernity'? And how have others responded to - resisted, embraced, negotiated - their efforts and ambitions? In answering these questions, we will turn to a range of disciplines including history, anthropology, literature and political science.

2516. Modern Islamic History (3 s.h.)

(Formerly: HISTORY 0123.)

This course studies Sunni Islam in terms of its modernist tendencies and its more traditional ones, comparing it to other major trends in the religion, Shi`ism and Sufism. Some emphasis is placed on Egyptian cultural history. The course encourages analytic skills through class participation and written work.

2518. The Ancient Near East (3 s.h.)

(Formerly: HISTORY 0234.)

A survey of ancient Mesopotamian culture starting with the end of the neolithic period and covering Sumerian, Akkadian, Babylonian, Assyrian, Neo-Babylonian and Persian civilizations. Students will be introduced to the literature and the archaeology of these cultures and their influence on the Bible and later civilizations.

2611. Third World Issues through Film (3 s.h.)

(Formerly: HISTORY 0113.)

Films bring alive the texture of society and the context of ideas, events, lives, and conflicts in a way that standard textbooks and readings cannot. This survey course introduces repeating, powerful, and important themes in modem history through the study of issues raised in Asian, African, and Latin American cinema. Unit I presents issues of Colonialism, Nationalism, and Independence Movements. Unit II, Post-Colonial Themes, includes nation building, neocolonialism, and responses to neocolonialism as well as issues of cultural reconstruction, political leadership, class, gender, race, and ethnicity in post-independence eras. Written texts complement the films; class discussion and assignments focus on analysis of the characters, events, institutions, and ideas represented in the films and readings.

2670. Topics in African History (3 s.h.)

(Formerly: HISTORY 0193.)

Arranged each semester, please consult with the instructor. See the history department web site (www.temple.edu/history) for the specific topics offered each semester.

2680. Topics in Asian History (3 s.h.)

(Formerly: HISTORY 0194.)

Arranged each semester, please consult with the instructor. See the history department web site (www.temple.edu/history) for the specific topics offered each semester.

2702. Imperialism, Race, and Empire (3 s.h.) RCI: RS.

(Formerly: HISTORY R109.)

This course introduces key themes and issues central to an understanding of race in modern history. Examining the intersection of race and imperialism-empire over the last two centuries, it places special importance on: how ideas about race were profoundly affected by the colonial encounter; how rationalizations for imperialism have often depended on race; and the resistance of subordinated people to racialist discourses and forms of rule.

Note: This course can be used to satisfy the university Core Studies in Race (RS) requirement. Although it may be usable towards graduation as a major requirement or university elective, it cannot be used to satisfy any of the university Gen Ed requirements. See your advisor for further information.

2703. African Diaspora (3 s.h.) RCI: RS.

(Formerly: HISTORY R110.)

This course deals with the history of the African Diaspora in the Americas for the last five hundred years. How this African presence impacted upon the social, economic, cultural, religious, and demographic set-up of the Americas will be addressed. Themes like pan-African nationalism and racial discourse will also be discussed.

Note: This course can be used to satisfy the university Core Studies in Race (RS) requirement. Although it may be usable towards graduation as a major requirement or university elective, it cannot be used to satisfy any of the university Gen Ed requirements. See your advisor for further information.

2705. Anti-Semitism/Holocaust/Racism (3 s.h.) RCI: RS.

(Formerly: HISTORY R108.)

Cross Listed with Jewish Studies 2705 (R234).

This course examines the history of antisemitism with a focus on the Holocaust and racism. It investigates the development and implementation of racial antisemitism in Germany and compares Nazi antisemitism with other forms of racism and antisemitism in Europe and America; the course also explores the social construction of race, the connection between antisemitism and anti-Zionism, the growth of neo-Nazism, the complex relationship between American Jews and African Americans, and racism in the world today.

Note: This course can be used to satisfy the university Core Studies in Race (RS) requirement. Although it may be usable towards graduation as a major requirement or university elective, it cannot be used to satisfy any of the university Gen Ed requirements. See your advisor for further information.

2706. Jewish Diaspora (3 s.h.)

(Formerly: HISTORY 0112.)

Jewish history from the destruction of the Second Jewish Commonwealth to the creation of the State of Israel. Focus on minority status, migration, persecution, economic adaptation, gender roles in different environments, acculturation and identity. Will include the medieval Jewish experience under both Christian and Islamic rule; the development of Jewish communities in Eastern Europe, Western Europe, and the United States; the changing role of Jewish women; the rise of Zionism; and the Holocaust.

2803. Soldiers, Wars, and Societies: The British Army (3 s.h.) F.

(Formerly: HISTORY 0154.)

This course will trace the history of the British Royal Army from its founding in 1660-61 to the present. Emphasis will be placed on organization, recruitment, wars, battles, campaigns, prominent commanders, and how changes in the British Army mirrored changes in British society. Other important themes will be the army`s role in conquering and defending the British Empire and major developments in British military policy and strategy.

2804. Peace, Conflict, and Social Change (3 s.h.)

(Formerly: HISTORY 0102.)

This course addresses the question of conflict/violence in terms of local, domestic, national, and international issues. Course material will consider conflict/violence using the following subtopics: weapons proliferation and peacekeeping; racism, the global economy; women, children, and the family; conflict and cooperation over the environment. Guest lecturers will offer their expertise on particular case studies related to the topic. In the final weeks of the semester, students will be asked to submit a paper and give presentations that address conflict and options for conflict resolution using selected case studies from one of the above topics.

2805. Nationalism and Revolution (3 s.h.)

(Formerly: HISTORY 0104.)

Beginning with the establishment of civil and political rights during the French Revolution, the course will address the relationship of the individual to the nation-state in Western Europe from the French Revolution to World War I. The course will include problematical issues that emerged during this period such as: the Napoleonic wars and the emergence of the modern nation-state; the development of the industrial revolution and its socio-economic impact on members of the working and middle classes; the consolidation of the nation-state and its impact on personal and political freedom. But in addition to considering the expansion of liberal political developments in the West, the course will consider the effects of imperialism on Asian and African countries during the final decades of the century. The final unit will consider how nationalism and imperialism contributed to the outbreak of the First World War and to the breakdown of old political states and traditional values in the Western societies.

2806. Colonial North Africa in European History (3 s.h.)

(Formerly: HISTORY 0206.)

The Mediterranean has always been a crossroads between peoples and religions, traversed by commodities, ideas, and conquerors, and it remains so today. Yet at the beginning of the 19th century, Europeans increasingly described North Africa - and its people - as starkly foreign, wholly `other`. This course will examine European and North African interactions over the period of 1798 to the present, with a particular focus on European invasions and colonizations - including Napoleon in Egypt, Lyautey in Morocco, and Mussolini in Libya. How did Europeans shape North African history and how did colonizing North Africa form modern European institutions and ideas? The class will examine these questions by focusing on both sides of the Mediterranean `divide`, including recent debates in Europe on North African immigrants, political invocations of Islam, and Islamophobia.

2811. World War I (3 s.h.)

(Formerly: HISTORY 0106.)

The First World War (1914-1918) did more to shape the history of the 20th century than any other military conflict. It led to the destruction of empires, the outbreak of revolutions, and gave rise to Communism, Fascism and Nazism. The war catapulted the United States into a position of global dominance that it still maintains today. The war also transformed modern arts and culture. This course surveys not just the military history of the conflict, but its political, social, and cultural impact on Europe, the Middle East, the United States, Africa, and Asia. Extensive use is made in this course of primary sources, including soldiers’ diaries, memoirs, poetry, novels, propaganda, and photographs. Research projects will draw upon extensive online collections.

2812. World War II (3 s.h.)

(Formerly: HISTORY 0107.)

This course offers a survey of World War II, the largest and most destructive armed conflict in human history, with coverage of its causes and consequences. It utilizes the prism of grand strategy to analyze national policy and military strategy. In addition to detailed descriptions of major military operations, the course will assess the impact that Adolph Hitler, Benito Mussolini, Winston S. Churchill, Joseph Stalin, and Franklin D. Roosevelt had on the war. While this course emphasizes military events and wartime diplomacy, some attention will be paid to the internal politics of the major belligerents and economic factors. There are no prerequisites for this course.

2815. Love, Marriage, and Family (3 s.h.)

(Formerly: HISTORY 0105.)

It is easy to assume that love, marriage, and family go together; but this has not always been the case. These concepts have a history. This course is a comparative examination of love, marriage, and family and the related themes of gender and sexuality in different historical periods and geographical areas. It includes ancient, medieval, and modern texts and materials and covers both western (European and American) and non-western (Asia, Africa, and perhaps Middle Eastern and Latin American) case studies.

Note: Each instructor may place a different emphasis among those topics and regions.

2816. Gender, Class, Nation (3 s.h.)

(Formerly: HISTORY 0156.)

An exploration of social and economic roles of women and men in modern Europe. Comparison of the impact of gender, class, and nationality on middle-class, working-class and peasant women and men in England, France, Germany, Italy, and Russia. The effects of industrialization, nationalism, war, fascism, communism, and the welfare state on women's and men's lives. The evolution of the role of girls and women in the family and the changing status of single and married women in the home and the workplace.

2817. Gender, War, and Society (3 s.h.)

(Formerly: HISTORY 0157.)

In wartime, the traditional organization of society is often radically altered to meet the pragmatic and ideological needs of triumphing in the ongoing conflict. Ideas about gender - i.e., how masculinity and femininity are defined - are frequently subject to radical revision in the context of a society at war. This course examines the European and, to a lesser extent, the American experiences of war during the two World Wars and the intervening 20 year period, to understand how war and ideas of gender are related. Using both primary and secondary source materials, as well as films about World Wars I and II, the course looks at the experiences of men and women on the front lines and on the home front, those who participated in the wars and those who resisted them, those who benefited from war and those who were its victims. The course examines not only how wartime experiences construct and revise ideas about gender, but also how the rhetoric of gender is often used to further wartime aims.

2870. Topics in Women`s History (3 s.h.)

(Formerly: HISTORY 0192.)

Arranged each semester, please consult with the instructor. See the history department web site (www.temple.edu/history) for the specific topics offered each semester.

2882. Independent Study (1 to 3 s.h.) SS.

(Formerly: HISTORY 0199.)

Arranged each semester, please consult with the instructor.

2915. Honors Russian History in Literature and Film (3 s.h.) RCI: HO.

Cross Listed with Russian 2915.

In this honors course, students read and study a short history of Russia and then read literary works and watch films depicting various periods, topics, events, figures, and issues in Russian history. Students in the course develop an understanding of the depiction of history in literature and film as contingent on the ideological perspective of the storyteller; students also learn to identify ideological perspective through attention to symbol, metaphor, and theme in both literature and film and, in addition, in film, through attention to lighting, sound and other filmic devices.

2970. Honors Topics in Latin American History (3 s.h.) RCI: HO.

(Formerly: HISTORY H195.)

This is an upper division honors course. It focuses on a special topic that changes each term. For more information, please see the history department web site at www.temple.edu/history.

3101. Colonial America (3 s.h.)

(Formerly: HISTORY 0265.)

Many important aspects of U.S. society developed significantly before the Revolution. The purpose of this course is to understand better how this society took shape in that formative early era. The first classes deal with some general issues that colonizers faced as they tried to form and develop settlements in North America, and the way the English entered into this process. Then characteristics of how three regions of the colonies evolved are examined: the South, New England, and the Middle Atlantic. The final few weeks of the course take up changes in political life, economics, and culture that all parts of the colonies experienced in the 1700s and which tended to bring them together towards becoming one new nation, though not a nation without differences and conflicts.

3102. American Revolution and Republic, 1754-1789 (3 s.h.)

(Formerly: HISTORY 0266.)

This course examines the transformations in politics, culture and society that we call the American Revolution. What was revolutionary and not revolutionary about the period? What did the Revolution mean to the people who lived through it, and how might the answer be different for different groups of people? What was the relationship between the famous, enduring ideals of the Revolution and the realities of life in late 18th century America? And what kind of republic came out of the process? We will also consider the revolution as, among other things, a crisis in the first British empire, the creation of independent states and a nation, a civil war, and a massive slave rebellion, the aftershocks of which reverberated in the 19th century.

3103. The Early United States, 1787-1846 (3 s.h.)

(Formerly: HISTORY 0275.)

This course covers the political, social, and cultural history of the U.S. from ratification of the Constitution to the beginnings of the crisis over expansion and slavery. It examines the democratization of politics and the problems of national independence; territorial expansion; economic change; the development of regional, class, religious, racial, ethnic and gendered subcultures; slavery and resistance to slavery; and the new political and reform movements that responded to the era's deep and lasting changes.

3104. 19th Century America (3 s.h.)

(Formerly: HISTORY 0270.)

This is an advanced level history course aimed at giving history majors and students in other disciplines such as English and Political Science an understanding of the changes in American life during the 19th century. This is truly a 'World We Have Lost,' a society dominated by agriculture, but becoming increasingly industrial and urbanized. But even though a visit to the world of 100 years ago is as foreign to contemporary students as the visit by the anthropologist to a non-western culture, the consequence for modern American life is immense. The topics discussed in this course are related to the changes in the United States that promoted its development as a multicultural democracy and an economic superpower.

3105. 20th Century America (3 s.h.)

(Formerly: HISTORY 0271.)

This course analyzes American politics, society and culture in the 20th century. Among the topics to be analyzed are the changing role of the presidency from McKinley to Clinton, progressivism, World War I, the conflictive 1920s, the depression and the New Deal, World War II, affluence in the 1950s, the Cold War, antiCommunism, racism, the civil rights movement, the rebellious 1960s, the war in Vietnam, Nixon, the Great Society, the women's movement and gender issues, the conservative backlash, and the new diversity.

3107. American Cultural History (3 s.h.)

(Formerly: HISTORY 0272.)

This course will not attempt to cover all aspects of American cultural history in one semester. Instead, it will examine some important themes from the 19th and 20th centuries. It will use material drawn from elite and popular sources to explore the meaning of "culture" in a diverse, democratic society. It will ask when and why Americans began to think that there was such a thing as American culture. It will interrogate this culture for some basic elements, taking into account the role of such important features of American life as liberalism, pragmatism, patriotism, consumerism, and modernism as well as the impact of science, technology, the arts, and religion. It will distinguish between public culture, intended for the edification of all, and the private cultures of different subgroups.

3108. Modern American Social History (3 s.h.)

(Formerly: HISTORY 0280.)

The purpose of this course is to provide an overview of the main elements of American social/economic development during the industrial period, approximately 1870-1945, with some attention to the transition to the post-industrial era after World War II. Topics covered include the growth of new industries and changing work conditions, urbanization, class divisions, immigration and black migration, the changing status of women and the family, and the impact of the Great Depression and the New Deal on American life. Both secondary and primary sources, including two important novels with social history themes, are used in the course, and students are required to write an essay (and give an in-class report) that analyzes a specific primary source dealing with one of the aspects of social history covered in the lectures and required readings. The take-home final exam essay also requires that students evaluate sources. Class participation in discussing the readings is also an important part of the course.

3201. California Dreams, California Nightmares (3 s.h.) RCI: RS.

(Formerly: HISTORY R164.)

Over the century and a half since California was forcibly incorporated into the United States, it has exercised a powerful role upon the imagination and reality of every generation. California has been, at once, the golden gate of opportunity and the grapes of wrath of the downtrodden; social mobility and the policy of incarceration, the glamour of Hollywood and monotony of tract housing, the high-tech of Silicon Valley and the high-sweat of agricultural labor, the Eden of natural bounty and the ecological disaster of sprawl and smog. This course concentrates on the historical role that categories of race have played in defining by whose means, to whose benefit, and in whose image California`s wealth would be produced and consumed. As an intermediate-level history course, this course offers a mix of primary and secondary sources, emphasizes the interaction of multiple causal factors, and encourages students to interpret and to write analytical historical arguments. In addition to discussion, lecture, and common readings, methods of instruction in the course include use of a computer-assisted classroom to provide image and text projections, video clips, and internet linkages.

Note: This course can be used to satisfy the university Core Studies in Race (RS) requirement. Although it may be usable towards graduation as a major requirement or university elective, it cannot be used to satisfy any of the university Gen Ed requirements. See your advisor for further information.

3211. Development of the Modern American City (3 s.h.)

(Formerly: HISTORY 0278.)

The course examines the way that the American city has undergone two revolutionary changes in the 135 years since the Civil War. In the mid- to late 19th century the city went from a walking city to a streetcar city, altering the basic social and economic geography. Then in the 20th century American cities were transformed from streetcar cities to automobile cities, again revolutionizing the cities' basic geography. The two transformations were rooted in technological inno