0848. DNA: Friend or Foe (3 s.h.) RCI: GS.

Through the study of basic biological concepts, think critically about modern biotechnology. Consider questions like: What are the ethical and legal implications involving the gathering and analysis of DNA samples for forensic analysis and DNA fingerprinting? Are there potential discriminatory implications that might result from the human genome project? What are embryonic stem cells, and why has this topic become an important social and political issue? Will advances in medicine allow humans to live considerably longer, and how will a longer human life span affect life on earth? We will learn through lectures, lecture demonstrations, problem solving in small groups and classroom discussion, and make vivid use of technology, including short videos from internet sources such as YouTube, electronic quizzes, imaging and video microscopy.

Note: This course fulfills a Science & Technology (GS) requirement for students under GenEd and the Science & Technology Second Level (SB) requirement for students under Core.

Students cannot receive credit for this course if they have successfully completed Biology 0948.

0948. Honors DNA: Friend or Foe (3 s.h.) RCI: GS.

Through the study of basic biological concepts, think critically about modern biotechnology. Consider questions like: What are the ethical and legal implications involving the gathering and analysis of DNA samples for forensic analysis and DNA fingerprinting? Are there potential discriminatory implications that might result from the human genome project? What are embryonic stem cells, and why has this topic become an important social and political issue? Will advances in medicine allow humans to live considerably longer, and how will a longer human life span affect life on earth? We will learn through lectures, lecture demonstrations, problem solving in small groups and classroom discussion, and make vivid use of technology, including short videos from internet sources such as YouTube, electronic quizzes, imaging and video microscopy. (This is an Honors course.)

Note: This course fulfills a Science & Technology (GS) requirement for students under GenEd and the Science & Technology Second Level (SB) requirement for students under Core.

Students cannot receive credit for this course if they have successfully completed Biology 0848.

1001. Human Biology (4 s.h.) F S SS. RCI: SA. $.

(Formerly: BIOLOGY C071.)

An introduction to the principles of biology using the human as a model organism. The course covers biomolecules; the heredity, development, structure and function of the human body; and the relationship of humans to their environment.

Note: (1) Laboratory requires dissection. Not available for Biology major credit; no credit if Biology 1011 (C083) is previously taken. (2) This course can be used to satisfy the university Core Science & Technology First Level (SA) requirement.

1002. Ecosystems (4 s.h.) S. RCI: SB. $.

(Formerly: BIOLOGY C072.)

Prerequisite: Biology 1007 (C070) with a C- or better, or Biology 1001 (C071) with a C- or better.

Ecological principles and energy interactions in ecosystems, elements controlling population size and the resources governing population interactions, with particular emphasis on the influence of human activity on various ecosystems.

Note: (1) Not available for Biology major credit. (2) This course can be used to satisfy the university Core Science & Technology Second Level (SB) requirement.

1003. Applied Biology (3 s.h.) F. RCI: SB.

(Formerly: BIOLOGY C073.)

Prerequisite: Biology 1007 (C070) with a C- or better, or Biology 1001 (C071) with a C- or better.

Emphasis on recent developments in the application of biological knowledge that benefit humans and the environment. Topics include: development and production of compounds for treatment of diseases; biological control of insects and weeds; transgenic crops; transgenic animals and their applications. Forensics and medical biotechnology. Human gene therapy, immunology and AIDS.

Note: (1) Not available for Biology major credit. (2) This course can be used to satisfy the university Core Science & Technology Second Level (SB) requirement.

1007. Foundations of Biology (4 s.h.) F. RCI: SA. $.

(Formerly: BIOLOGY C070.)

A focus on major concepts of biology, including: evolution by natural selection; energy, matter and organization of living systems; reproduction and inheritance; growth, development and differentiation; maintenance of dynamic equilibrium; interaction and interdependence of organisms.

Note: (1) A course for students not majoring in a natural science. This course is recommended for students majoring in elementary education. Not available for Biology major credit. (2) This course can be used to satisfy the university Core Science & Technology First Level (SA) requirement.

1008. Human Development (4 s.h.) F S. RCI: SB.

(Formerly: BIOLOGY C080.)

Prerequisite: Biology 1001 (C071) with a C- or better.

The basic biology of mammalian reproduction and development: sperm and egg production, fertilization, contraception, fetal development, genetic disorders and birth defects, contribution of heredity and environment to human development, and hormone cycles.

Note: (1) Not available for Biology major credit. (2) This course can be used to satisfy the university Core Science & Technology Second Level (SB) requirement.

1011. General Biology I (4 s.h.) F S SS. RCI: SA. $.

(Formerly: BIOLOGY C083.)

General introductory biology for non-biology majors. Topics include cell physiology (introduction), origins of life, taxonomy, principles of evolution, animal evolution, and a survey of physiology.

Note: (1) Laboratory required. (2) This course can be used to satisfy the university Core Science & Technology First Level (SA) requirement. To determine if this course in combination with another course can satisfy the GenEd Science & Technology requirement, see your advisor.

1012. General Biology II (4 s.h.) F S SS. RCI: SB. $.

(Formerly: BIOLOGY C084.)

General introductory biology for non-biology majors. Topics include biological molecules, biochemistry, molecular biology, and genetics.

Note: (1) Laboratory required. (2) This course can be used to satisfy the university Core Science & Technology Second Level (SB) requirement. To determine if this course in combination with another course can satisfy the GenEd Science & Technology requirement, see your advisor.

1015. Marine Biology (4 s.h.) F SS. RCI: SB.

(Formerly: BIOLOGY C085.)

Prerequisite: Biology 1007 (C070) with a C- or better, or Biology 1001 (C071) with a C- or better.

Introduction to life in the oceans, including a survey of marine habitats, associated life forms, their interactions with each other and the transfer of energy within and between ecosystems. Cooperative studies of topics such as: biology of El Nino, over-fishing; introduced marine organisms; biology of coral reefs; destruction of marine wetlands; symbiosis in the oceans; biology of deep sea organisms.

Note: (1) Not available for Biology major credit. (2) This course can be used to satisfy the university Core Science & Technology Second Level (SB) requirement.

1111. Introduction to Biology (4 s.h.) S. $.

(Formerly: BIOLOGY 0101.)

Prerequisite: Successful completion of Chemistry 1031 (C071) (or equivalent) with a grade of C or better. Co-Requisite: Concurrent enrollment in Chemistry 1032 (C072) or equivalent.

This course, with Biology 2112 (0102), makes up the introductory series for Biology majors. Both courses must be completed with a grade of C or better before students will be allowed to take the second level of required courses in the Biology curriculum, Biology 2203 (0203) and 3096 (W204). Biology 1111 (0101) is designed to be taken in the spring of the students’ freshman year. This semester covers evolutionary principles, an introduction to ecology, and anatomy and physiology of plants and animals with an emphasis on vertebrate systems. Concepts and facts discussed in lecture will be closely integrated with laboratory observation and experimentation.

Note: This is part of the introductory series for Biology majors. There are weekly laboratories. Students must pass this course with a C or better to take upper level Biology courses.

1901. Honors General Biology I (4 s.h.) F S SS. RCI: SA.

(Formerly: BIOLOGY H093.)

General introductory biology for non-biology majors in the University Honors program. Topics include cell physiology, origins of life, taxonomy, principles of evolution, animal evolution, and a survey of physiology.

Note: (1) Laboratory required. (2) This course can be used to satisfy the university Core Science & Technology First Level (SA) requirement. To determine if this course in combination with another course can satisfy the GenEd Science & Technology requirement, see your advisor.

1902. Honors General Biology II (4 s.h.) F S SS. RCI: SB.

(Formerly: BIOLOGY H094.)

General introductory biology for non-biology majors in the University Honors program. Topics include biological molecules, biochemistry, molecular biology, and genetics.

Note: (1) Laboratory required. (2) This course can be used to satisfy the university Core Science & Technology Second Level (SB) requirement. To determine if this course in combination with another course can satisfy the GenEd Science & Technology requirement, see your advisor.

1911. Honors Introduction to Biology (4 s.h.) S. RCI: SA. $.

(Formerly: BIOLOGY H101.)

Prerequisite: Successful completion of Chemistry 1031 (C071) (or equivalent) with a grade of C or better. Co-Requisite: Concurrent enrollment in Chemistry 1032 (C072) or equivalent.

This course, with Biology 2912 (H102) or 2112 (0102), makes up the introductory series for Biology majors. The series must be completed with a grade of C or better before students will be allowed to take the second level of required courses in the Biology curriculum, Biology 2203 (0203) and 3096 (W204). Biology 1911 (H101) is designed to be taken in the spring of the students’ freshman year. This semester covers evolutionary principles, an introduction to ecology, and anatomy and physiology of plants and animals with an emphasis on vertebrate systems. Concepts and facts discussed in lecture will be closely integrated with laboratory observation and experimentation.

Note: (1) This course can substitute for Biology 1111 as part of the introductory series for Biology majors. (2) This course can be used to satisfy the university Core Science & Technology First Level (SA) requirement. To determine if this course in combination with another course can satisfy the GenEd Science & Technology requirement, see your advisor.

2112. Introduction to Biology (4 s.h.) F. $.

(Formerly: BIOLOGY 0102.)

Prerequisite: Successful completion of Chemistry 1031 (C071) and 1032 (C072) or equivalent, with a grade of C or better in both semesters; and completion of Math 1022 with a grade of C or better or placement into Math 1041. Co-Requisite: Concurrent enrollment in Organic Chemistry [Chemistry 2201 (0121)] or equivalent.

This course, with Biology 1111 (0101), makes up the introductory series for Biology majors. Both courses must be completed with a grade of C or better before students will be allowed to take the second level of required courses in the Biology curriculum, Biology 2203 (0203) and 3096 (W204), without the instructors’ permission. Biology 2112 (0102) is designed to be taken in the fall of the sophomore year. This course provides an introduction to the fundamental concepts of biochemistry, cell biology, molecular biology and genetics. Topics covered include the structure of important biological macromolecules, enzyme kinetics, metabolic pathways, photosynthesis, cell changes during mitosis and meiosis, DNA replication, transcription, translation and genetic analysis.

Note: This is part of the introductory series for Biology majors. There are weekly laboratories. Students must pass this course with a C or better to take upper level Biology courses.

2203. Genetics (4 s.h.) S. $.

(Formerly: BIOLOGY 0203.)

Prerequisite: Completion of Biology 1111 (0101) and 2112 (0102) with a grade of C or better in each, and Chemistry 2201 (0121) with a C- or better. Co-Requisite: Chemistry 2202 (0122).

Examines the basic principles and problems of classical, biochemical, and molecular genetics.

Note: Required for majors in Biology.

2227. Principles of Ecology (4 s.h.) S.

(Formerly: BIOLOGY 0227.)

Prerequisite: Biology 1111 (0101) and 2112 (0102) with a grade of C or better in each, or Biology 1011 (C083) and 1012 (C084) with a grade of B or better in each.

This course provides an overview of ecology from the level of the individual organism to populations, communities and ecosystems. It examines the physical, chemical, and biological components of ecological interactions, and includes a comparative treatment of terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems.

Note: Required for majors in Biology entering Temple University in Fall 2005 and later.

2233. Mammalian Anatomy (4 s.h.) F. $.

(Formerly: BIOLOGY 0233.)

Prerequisite: Biology 1111 (0101) and 2112 (0102) with a grade of C or better in each, or Biology 1011 (C083) and 1012 (C084) with a grade of B or better in each.

A study of the development and gross anatomy of the human. In the laboratory, the dissection of the cat, together with pertinent illustrations from humans and other animals, provides a comparative survey of the anatomical structure of mammals.

2235. General Histology (4 s.h.) S.

(Formerly: BIOLOGY 0235.)

Prerequisite: Biology 1111 (0101) with a grade of C or better.

A study of the fundamental techniques used in preparing tissues for microscopic examinations, followed by a detailed study of the various types of normal tissues and organs in mammals with emphasis on correlations between structure and function.

2238. Marine Environments (3 s.h.) S.

(Formerly: BIOLOGY 0238.)

Prerequisite: Biology 1111 (0101) and 2112 (0102) with a grade of C or better.

A survey of marine habitats, including the flora and fauna associated with estuaries, coastal and open oceans, the deep sea, and coral reefs.

2241. Invertebrate Biology (4 s.h.) S. $.

(Formerly: BIOLOGY 0241.)

Prerequisite: Biology 1111 (0101) with a grade of C or better.

An introduction to the biology of the invertebrate phyla including insects. Demonstrations of the patterns of invertebrate evolution by consideration of morphology, behavior, development, physiology, and ecology of representative organisms.

2254. Animal Behavior (4 s.h.) S SS.

(Formerly: BIOLOGY 0254.)

Prerequisite: Biology 1111 (0101) and 2112 (0102) with a grade of C or better in each.

Explores the biological basis of behavior in vertebrate and invertebrate animals. Stresses physiological mechanisms that underlie behavioral responses: the receptor systems that mediate responsiveness to stimuli, and the neural and hormonal systems that integrate and control the behavior. The course also examines social, territorial, and reproductive behavior; the development and evolution of behavior; learning and imprinting; the relationship between circadian rhythms, sun-compass orientation, and animal navigation.

2912. Honors Introduction to Biology (4 s.h.) F. RCI: SB. $.

(Formerly: BIOLOGY H102.)

Prerequisite: Successful completion of one year of college chemistry [Chemistry 1031 (C071), 1032 (C072)] or equivalent, with a grade of C or better in both semesters; and completion of Math 1022 with a grade of C or better or placement into Math 1041. Co-Requisite: Concurrent enrollment in Organic Chemistry [Chemistry 2201 (0121)], or equivalent.

This course, with Biology 1911 (H101) or Biology 1111 (0101), makes up the introductory series for Biology majors. Both courses in the series must be completed with a grade of C or better before students will be allowed to take the second level of required courses in the Biology curriculum, Biology 2203 (0203) and 3096 (W204). Biology 2912 (H102) is designed to be taken in the fall of the sophomore year. This course provides an introduction to the fundamental concepts of biochemistry, cell biology, molecular biology and genetics. Topics covered include the structure of important biological macromolecules, enzyme kinetics, metabolic pathways, photosynthesis, cell changes during mitosis and meiosis, DNA replication, transcription, translation and genetic analysis.

Note: (1) This course can substitute for Biology 2112 as part of the introductory series for Biology majors. There are weekly laboratories. (2) This course can be used to satisfy the university Core Science & Technology Second Level (SB) requirement. To determine if this course in combination with another course can satisfy the GenEd Science & Technology requirement, see your advisor.

3082. Independent Study (1 to 4 s.h.) F S SS.

(Formerly: BIOLOGY 0195.)

Prerequisite: Written permission of Department Undergraduate Committee Chair required.

Research under the direction of a faculty member in the Biology Department. Students must obtain a sponsor and approval of the Biology Undergraduate Committee.

Note: Not available for Biology major credit.

3083. Directed Readings (3 s.h.) F S SS.

(Formerly: BIOLOGY 0300.)

Prerequisite: Junior or senior standing and an overall GPA of 3.2.

A tutorial opportunity for a student to work with a faculty member to investigate areas of study not covered by courses in the department. Available as an elective for Biology major credit by petition to the Biology Honors Committee prior to registration. The student must make a written agreement with a Biology faculty member detailing the course of study to be followed and the mechanism of evaluation.

Note: Agreement must be submitted to the Biology Undergraduate Advisor and the Biology Honors Committee for approval. This course can be taken a maximum of two times; only one of these can count toward Biology elective requirements.

3096. Cell Structure and Function (4 s.h.) F. RCI: WI. $.

(Formerly: BIOLOGY W204.)

Prerequisite: Completion of Biology 1111 (0101) and 2112 (0102) with a grade of C or better in each, and Chemistry 2201 (0121) and 2202 (0122) with a C- or better. Co-Requisite: Physics 2021 (0121).

The chemistry and biological functions of important small molecules and macromolecules of the cell. Concept: the functions of cells are rooted in structures, and the structures themselves derive their characteristics from their chemical components.

Note: Required for majors in Biology.

3101. Evolution (3 s.h.) F.

(Formerly: BIOLOGY 0310.)

Prerequisite: Biology 2203 (0203) with a C or better.

Topics covered include Darwinism and neo-Darwinian theory, including adaptation, natural selection, sexual selection, speciation, and techniques used to understand evolution of living and extinct organisms.

3181. Cooperative Research in Biochemistry (3 s.h.) F S.

(Formerly: BIOLOGY 0109.)

Prerequisite: Written approval must be obtained in advance from the faculty member and the Biochemistry Committee.

Independent research carried out in an off-campus laboratory. A Biochemistry faculty member and the research director of the off-campus laboratory will jointly supervise research. Written permission must be obtained in advance from the supervising faculty member and one of the co-administrators. Student must present a seminar on campus describing the scientific aims of the project, the experimental design, and the conclusions drawn from the experiments.

Note: Restricted to Biochemistry majors enrolled in the Cooperative Program.

3183. Junior Independent Research (3 s.h.) S.

(Formerly: BIOLOGY 0292.)

Prerequisite: Admission by application to the Biology Honors Committee.

Discussion of research problems and methods as part of laboratory research. Designed to acquaint students with concepts of modern biology and to prepare them for independent research.

Note: Students should obtain a faculty sponsor before applying for admission. Not available for Biology elective credit.

3196. Experimental Marine Biology (4 s.h.) SS. RCI: WI.

(Formerly: BIOLOGY W237.)

Prerequisite: Biology 2238 (0238) with a C- or better.

Introduction to research methods and the analysis of data from marine systems. Lectures emphasize the biological and physical interactions that structure intertidal and subtidal marine communities. Field trips and a research project are followed by writing a paper in scientific journal style. Note that there are several required field trips.

3201. Human Genetics (3 s.h.) F.

(Formerly: BIOLOGY 0320.)

Prerequisite: Biology 2203 (0203) with a C- or better.

A lecture course in human heredity, emphasizing the mechanisms of inheritance and gene action in humans. Topics covered are molecular genetics, population genetics, and patterns of gene transmission.

3232. Behavioral Genetics (3 s.h.)

Prerequisite: Biology 2203 (0203) with a C- or better.

This course is an introduction to the interdisciplinary field – behavioral genetics – that combines behavioral sciences and genetics and unifies the long-standing debate on what underlies complex human behavior: “nurture” or “nature.” This course will discuss the genetic approaches used to dissect out the genetic determinant of complex human traits. For example, students will learn about genes that influence learning and memory, intelligence (IQ), cognitive disabilities, personality disorders, psychopathology, antisocial behavior, substance abuse, and sexual orientation. In addition, the interplay of environment and genetic factors that create individual differences in behavior will be explored. Because this field represents the intersection between what is known and what might be known in the future about complex and potentially controversial behaviors and characteristics, students will be encouraged to discuss contemporary ethical issues regarding human behavior in realm of the scientific evidence presented.

3243. Parasitology (4 s.h.) F.

(Formerly: Biology 2243.)

Prerequisite: Biology 1111 (0101) and Biology 2112 (0102) with a grade of C or better in each, Biology 3096 (W204) with a C- or better. Co-Requisite: Biology 2203 (0203).

This course will introduce students to the basic concepts of parasitology, including types of animal associations, adaptations to parasitic mode of life, and evolution of parasitism. Parasite life cycles (infection, transmission, pathology, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment) and control of medically and economically important parasites are the main emphasis of this course. Includes a laboratory.

3245. Marine Ecology (4 s.h.) F.

(Formerly: BIOLOGY 0245.)

Prerequisite: Biology 2238 (0238) with a C- or better, or 3336 (0336) with a C- or better.

A survey of the concepts of aquatic ecology in estuarine and marine ecosystems, emphasizing the organization and maintenance of the major aquatic communities in response to the physical, chemical, and biological characteristics of the environment, modes of energy transfer, physiological adaptation, life history characteristics, and functional morphology. Laboratory exercises stress comparative measurement of biological diversity in the marine environment.

Note: One or more field trips required.

3265. Developmental Biology (4 s.h.) F. $.

(Formerly: BIOLOGY 0265.)

Prerequisite: Biology 2203 (0203) with a C- or better.

This course provides an introduction to invertebrate and vertebrate development. It combines the description of classical examples of experimental embryology with the current study of the mechanisms of development, differentiation, and growth in animals at the molecular, cellular, and genetic levels. Topics covered include embryonic patterning, cell-cell interactions, growth factors and signal transduction, transcriptional control mechanisms and regulatory network, evolutionary mechanisms as well as the discussion of relevant diseases. The laboratory consists of simple experiments on all aspects of development, supplemented by examination of slides and models. Invertebrate (sea urchin, fly) and vertebrate (frog, fish, chick) models are covered.

3281. Cooperative Research in Biochemistry (3 s.h.) F S.

(Formerly: BIOLOGY 0110.)

Prerequisite: Written approval must be obtained in advance from the faculty member and the Biochemistry Committee.

Independent research carried out in an off-campus laboratory. A Biochemistry faculty member and the research director of the off-campus laboratory will jointly supervise research. Written permission must be obtained in advance from the supervising faculty member and one of the co-administrators. Student must present a seminar on campus describing the scientific aims of the project, the experimental design, and the conclusions drawn from the experiments.

Note: Restricted to Biochemistry majors enrolled in the Cooperative Program.

3301. Cell Biology (3 s.h.) S.

(Formerly: BIOLOGY 0330.)

Prerequisite: Biology 3096 (W204) with a C- or better.

Recent developments in cell biology will be discussed. Topics will include the cytoskeleton, cell cycle, and cell motility.

3307. Conservation Biology (3 s.h.)

Prerequisite: Biology 1111 (0101) and 2112 (0102) with a grade of C or better in both, plus Biology 2227 (0227).

The Earth harbors an incredible diversity of species and communities, most still poorly understood by science. This biodiversity is essential to the functioning of natural ecosystems and provides a wide array of priceless services to people today and a treasure of benefits for the future. Yet human threats to biodiversity have led us to the brink of the sixth major extinction event in Earth’s history. Which populations, species, communities, and ecoregions are most diverse? Which are most threatened, and by which human activities? What is the contribution of biodiversity to human livelihoods? What does the science suggest is needed to conserve biodiversity? How might this best be done given social, economic, and political realities? These questions and more will be examined in this course, focusing on the key principles of conservation biology and the application of those principles to local, national, and international examples.

3312. Biostatistics (3 s.h.) F.

Prerequisite: Math 1042 (0086) (Calculus II) with a C- or better.

Students will learn the basic tools of statistical analysis for raw data and learn how to apply and interpret the analysis for the type of experiments they will encounter in biology. They will have opportunities to work with raw data using available computer tools such as EXCEL and SPSS.

3316. Tropical Marine Biology (4 s.h.) F. $.

(Formerly: BIOLOGY 0316.)

Prerequisite: Special authorization; permission of instructor; Biology 1111 (0101) and 2112 (0102) with a grade of C or better in each, or Biology 1011 (C083) and 1012 (C084) with a grade of B or better in each. Not offered every year.

A survey of marine biology focusing on coral reefs of the Atlantic Ocean. Course lectures given at Temple University include regular meetings during the fall semester plus some meetings between semesters during December and January. The course work at Temple is supplemented by a required week of lectures, field trips and field projects on Ambergris Caye in Belize (Central America). Lecture topics include coral biology, reef geology and ecology, coral reef biota, food webs and nutrient transfer in coral reefs, reef community organization, the biology of reef fishes, commensal and symbiotic interactions of reef organisms, and other appropriate topics. Group projects and presentations are required. Additional requirements include a current passport and snorkeling equipment.

Note: Requires fall plus inter-session attendance, including air travel to a foreign country between fall and spring semesters. Room, board, and boat use in Belize are covered by the course fee; air transportation to Belize is not included. The course web site survey or an application available from the instructor must be completed prior to registration.

3317. General Microbiology (4 s.h.) S. $.

(Formerly: BIOLOGY 0317.)

Prerequisite: Biology 1111 (0101) and 2112 (0102) with a grade of C or better in each. Co-Requisite: Biology 2203 (0203) and Chemistry 2202 (0122).

A general survey of bacteria and archaea. Topics include: classification; physiology, growth, and environmental impact; genetics and gene recombination; evolutionary relationships. Laboratory topics include pure culture, identification, growth characteristics, and genetics.

3322. Plant Genetics (3 s.h.)

(Formerly: BIOLOGY 0322.)

Prerequisite: Biology 2203 (0203) with a C- or better.

Current molecular and genetic analyses of classical problems in the genetics of higher plants.

3324. Molecular Biology (3 s.h.) F.

(Formerly: BIOLOGY 0324.)

Prerequisite: Biology 2203 (0203) with a grade of C- or better, and Chemistry 2202 (0122) with a C- or better.

A comprehensive introduction to molecular genetics and the biochemistry of DNA, RNA, and proteins. The structure and expression of genes in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes will be discussed with special emphasis on DNA replication, transcription, and translation. Current journal articles covering recent developments in modern molecular biology and genetic engineering will be covered.

3325. Research Techniques in Molecular Biology (4 s.h.) S. $.

(Formerly: BIOLOGY 0325.)

Prerequisite: A grade of B or better in Biology 2203 (0203) and permission of the instructor.

Laboratory instruction in the techniques used in modern molecular biology and molecular genetics. This course takes a problem-oriented approach toward teaching the methods of DNA and RNA analysis that are used in determining the structure and function of genes. Practical experience in the preparation of DNA, modern cloning methods, restriction enzyme mapping, hybridization analysis, DNA sequencing, and PCR techniques will be provided. Students will carry out a research project during the course.

Note: Biology 3324 is highly recommended, but not required.

3327. Immunology (3 s.h.) S.

(Formerly: BIOLOGY 0327.)

Prerequisite: Biology 2203 (0203) with a C- or better, or 3096 (W204) with a C- or better.

The purpose of the Immunology course is to provide a comprehensive overview of the immune system that in its normal function protects each of us from the harmful effects of microbial invaders. The lectures will describe the general properties and development of immunity, the condition of being protected from infection by microorganisms or the effects of foreign molecules. They will provide systemic coverage of immune responses to viruses, bacteria, protozoa and roundworms as well as the practical aspects of vaccine development. Additional lectures will include a description of various types of primary immunodeficiencies, most prevalent autoimmune disease and cancer.

3328. Virology (3 s.h.) F.

(Formerly: BIOLOGY 0328.)

Prerequisite: Biology 2203 (0203) and 3096 (W204) with a C- or better in both.

The role of viruses in human diseases, and their potential as tools for research and clinical interventions. The course will focus on virus-induced diseases in man including polio, rabies, hepatitis, herpes, and influenza; recently discovered viruses such as HIV and HTLV-1 will also be studied. Virus-host interactions and the mechanisms involved in disease progression, therapeutic strategies, and vaccines, strategies for viral entry, evasion of the immune system, transmission, and the subversion of host-cell machinery will be emphasized. Potential uses of viruses as vector for gene therapy of genetic disorders, cancers, and infectious diseases will also be discussed.

3329. Developmental Genetics (3 s.h.) F.

(Formerly: BIOLOGY 0329.)

Prerequisite: Biology 2203 (0203) and 3096 (W204) with a C- or better in both.

The role of genes during the periods of determination and differentiation in eukaryote development. Emphasis on the regulation of gene function and the relationship between gene function and the molecular and developmental interactions that culminate in the adult phenotype.

3333. Advanced Techniques in Microscopy (4 s.h.) S.

(Formerly: BIOLOGY 0333.)

Prerequisite: Biology 3096 (W204) with a C- or better, or permission of instructor.

A survey of modern techniques in microscopy. Students will acquire a thorough grounding in general principles of optics and their application to the microscope. We will cover the theory of many methods current in Biology and Medicine, including: phase, interference contrast, and fluorescence microscopy, confocal microscopy, video microscopy, and digital image processing and analysis. This course includes extensive laboratory experience.

3334. Mammalian Physiology (4 s.h.) S. $.

(Formerly: BIOLOGY 0334.)

Prerequisite: Biology 1111 (0101) and 2112 (0102) with a C or better in both, Chemistry 1032 (C072) with a C or better, Math 1042 (0086) with a C- or better, and Physics 2022 (0122) with a C- or better.

Emphasis on the physiology of normal animals; consideration of disease states as counter-illustrations. Certain comparative aspects of physiology are introduced. Discussions of function extend to the physical and biochemical level.

Note: Credit is not permitted for both Biology 0234 (under the old numbering system) and Biology 3334 (0334).

3336. Freshwater Ecology (4 s.h.) F. $.

(Formerly: BIOLOGY 0336.)

Prerequisite: Biology 2227 (0227) with a C- or better.

The interrelationships between biological, chemical, and physical factors in freshwater environments. Lectures and laboratories address general ecological principles (population dynamics, community structure, energy flow, and nutrient cycling) as they apply to plants and animals in lakes, ponds, streams and wetlands.

Note: Students are required to participate in up to two field trips, one of which includes weekend travel.

3352. Systems Neuroscience (3 s.h.) S.

(Formerly: BIOLOGY 0352.)

Prerequisite: Biology 1111 (0101) and 2112 (0102) and Math 1041 (C085) and 1042 (0086) all with a grade of C or better, plus Chemistry 2201 (0121) with a grade of a C- or better; or Biology 3096 (W204) with a grade of C- or better.

Study of the structure and function of the central nervous system (CNS) with a focus on the functional brain at a systems level. Systems level questions include how circuits are formed and used anatomically and physiologically to produce physiological functions, such as reflexes, sensory integration, motor coordination, emotional responses, learning and memory.

3354. Neural Basis of Animal Behavior (3 s.h.) F.

(Formerly: BIOLOGY 0354.)

Prerequisite: Biology 3352 (0352) with a grade of B- or better.

An exploration of the relationship of neural activity and connectivity to behavior. Topics include motor control, object recognition, and feedback. Examples from both vertebrate and invertebrate species. Analytic and synthetic approaches.

3356. Organization and Development of the Nervous System (3 s.h.) F.

(Formerly: BIOLOGY 0356.)

Prerequisite: Biology 3096 (W204) with a C- or better.

This course covers developmental and anatomical aspects of the nervous system. The relationship of form to function will be studied in a variety of both invertebrate and vertebrate systems. The course is intended to complement Neurobiology 3352 (0352)/5452 (0452) so that students will have a perspective on neuroscience ranging from the molecular to the systems level.

3358. Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience (3 s.h.)

Prerequisite: Biology 3096 (W204) with a C- or better.

The course will focus on the molecular and cellular basis of neurological processing. The fundamentals of action potential generation, synaptic and receptor potentials generation and neuron-neuron communication will be discussed. The contemporary understanding of sensory processing will be covered in great detail with a particular focus on molecular sensors of light, sound, odorants, taste and touch and the signal transduction pathways that underlie the five senses.

3361. Synaptic Neuropharmacology: From Poppies to People (3 s.h.)

Prerequisite: Biology 3352 with a grade of C- or permission from the instructor.

In this course we will examine how drugs interact with the nervous system. Specifically, we will focus on the cellular and molecular actions of drugs such as opiates, hallucinogens, marijuana, and cocaine on synaptic transmission as a mechanism for understanding the structure and function of the synapse. In addition, we will discuss how toxins and venoms affect synaptic transmission in nature as well as how they have been (and continue to be) used as research tools. Through this approach - of relating natural to experimental - students will be able to appreciate both the simplicity of synaptic design and the complexity of synaptic transmission in the historical context of the study of neuroscience.

3363. Mammalian Development (3 s.h.)

(Formerly: BIOLOGY 0365.)

Prerequisite: Biology 2203 (0203) and 3265 (0265) with a grade of C- or better.

This course covers normal and abnormal embryonic and fetal development; sources of totipotent, pluripotent and determined embryonic and fetal stem cells; the production of gynogenotes and androgenotes and the evaluation of these embryos to determine the contribution of maternal and paternal genomes to the developing embryo; epigenetic and X chromosome imprinting; the use of transgenes to correct genetic defects in developing embryos; and the function of specific genes in determining body pattern.

3367. Endocrinology (3 s.h.) F.

(Formerly: BIOLOGY 0367.)

Prerequisite: Biology 3096 (W204) with a C- or better.

Broad coverage of “chemical messengers”, occurrence, biochemistry, and physiology. Vertebrate endocrinology with minor treatment of invertebrates and plants.

3368. Biology of Cancer (3 s.h.)

Prerequisite: Biology 3096 (W204) with a C- or better.

This course will survey the categories of tumors and their varying natures. Known mechanisms that lead to tumor cell development, multistep tumorigenesis, metastasis, tumor immunology, and cancer treatments will be examined in depth.

3371. Cell Proliferation (3 s.h.) S.

(Formerly: BIOLOGY 0371.)

Prerequisite: Biology 2203 (0203) and 3096 (W204) with a C- or better in both.

Cell proliferation and its control: model systems, comparisons of proliferating cells with non-proliferating cells, controls of cell division and genomic stability and how that control is modified in proliferative diseases such as cancer, and the relationships between proliferation and differentiation. Readings will be taken from the literature.

3374. Physical Biochemistry (3 s.h.) S.

(Formerly: BIOLOGY 0374.)

Prerequisite: Biology 2112 (0102) with a grade of C or better; and Chemistry 1031 (C071) and 1032 (C072), 1033 (C073) and 1034 (C074), Mathematics 1042 (0086), and Physics 1061 (C087) or 2021 (0121) with a C- or better in all.

The course covers those aspects of physical chemistry and computer simulation of use to biochemists in understanding the physical properties of biologically significant molecules and structures.

3379. Biotechnology (3 s.h.) S.

(Formerly: BIOLOGY 0389.)

Prerequisite: Biology 2203 (0203) and 3096 (W204) with a C- or better in both.

This course is designed to survey current issues in technologies including therapeutics and diagnostics, and to examine consequences of developments in this area. The course is designed in a Problem Based Learning format, where students research critical areas and provide oral and written reports for other members in the class. The course is organized by topics including Concepts in Genetics, Cloning and Ethics, Gene Therapy, Prenatal Diagnosis, Gene Therapy for Cancer, Cell Replacement Therapy, Genomics and Proteomics, Vaccines, Forensics, Plant Biotechnology, and Instrumentation. At the end of the course, each student makes a formal presentation on a specific advance in biotechnology.

3380. Contemporary Biology (3 s.h.) F.

(Formerly: BIOLOGY 3365 & 0385.)

Prerequisite: Biology 3096 (W204) with a C- or better.

Advanced discussion of selected topics.

3396. Scientific Writing for Biology: The Art of Communicating (3 s.h.) RCI: WI.

Prerequisite: Biology 3096 (W204) with a C- or better, or Biology 2203 (0203) with a C- or better.

This course is designed for upper-level undergraduate students majoring in a natural science. This seminar course teaches students how to communicate scientific information in written and oral (PowerPoint) formats clearly and succinctly. The development and refinement of the primary research article represents the core of the course; however, other genres of scientific writing (and audiences) are explored. In addition, students develop their skills as revisers, editors, and reviewers through in-class exercises that focus on giving (and receiving) constructive criticism. As part of a secondary goal of the course, other professional forms of writing (e.g., cover letters, personal statements, and resumes) as well as careers in scientific writing are discussed.

3403. Genomics & Proteomics (3 s.h.) F.

(Formerly: Biology 4403.)

Prerequisite: Biology 2203 (0203) with a C or better.

The primary aim of this course is to prepare students for careers in the fields of molecular biology, genetics and biomedical sciences by introducing them to basic principles and techniques of genomics and proteomics. In addition to use of a textbook, recent genomics and proteomics research papers will be discussed. Class is held in the Biology Computer lab, and lectures will include time for database exploration and other computer work.

3481. Extradepartmental Studies (2 to 4 s.h.) F S SS.

(Formerly: BIOLOGY 0190.)

Prerequisite: Written permission of Department Undergraduate Committee Chair required.

Permits students doing independent study projects outside the department to obtain credit for their work. Students must be Biology majors who have completed Biology 1111 (0101), 2112 (0102), 2203 (0203), and 3096 (W204). Students must obtain a sponsor on the Biology Department faculty to oversee their work and act as a liaison between the outside institution and the Biology Undergraduate Committee. A written research report is required.

Note: Not available for Biology major credit.

3681. Cooperative Studies (2 to 4 s.h.) F S.

(Formerly: BIOLOGY 0192.)

Students obtain a job through the Cooperative Placement Office. Course grade based entirely on a research paper, related in subject matter to the job, and prepared under the supervision of a Biology Department faculty member.

Note: The student is responsible for finding a departmental supervisor. For students enrolled in a Cooperative Program; not available for Biology elective credit.

3781. Cooperative Studies (2 to 4 s.h.) F S.

(Formerly: BIOLOGY 0193.)

Students obtain a job through the Cooperative Placement Office. Course grade based entirely on a research paper, related in subject matter to the job, and prepared under the supervision of a Biology Department faculty member.

The student is responsible for finding a departmental supervisor. For students enrolled in a Cooperative Program; not available for Biology elective credit.

4327. Biological Impacts of Global Climate Change (3 s.h.)

Prerequisite: Biology 1111 (0101) and 2112 (0102) with a grade of C or better in both, and 2227 with a C- or better.

This course will use primary research articles to examine the biological impacts of climate change, often mentioned as the greatest challenge facing humanity today. The course will focus on the climate change impacts on coastal and marine ecosystems; water resources and freshwater ecosystems; food and agriculture; forests, grasslands and deserts; biodiversity and protected areas; and population, health and human well-being. In addition to the biology, we will consider the overlapping social, economic, and ethical concerns rising from the climate changes. Class time will be devoted to reflections and reactions to readings and news articles, case studies, student presentations and lectures.

4338. Epigenetics (3 s.h.) S.

Prerequisite: Biology 2203 (0203) and Biology 3096 (W204) with a grade of C or better in both.

The term “epigenetics” describes a heritable effect on chromosome or gene function that is not accompanied by a change in DNA sequence. Recent findings suggest an important role of epigenetics in both normal development and cancer. This course provides an overview of the field and examines selected phenomena in several eukaryotes, mechanisms regulating these effects, and their phenotypic consequences when normal regulation is lost. Topics include gene regulation through chromatin modification (acetylation, methylation), genomic imprinting, mechanisms of silencing (including small interfering RNAs), and the role of epigenetics in human diseases and cancer.

4344. Research Techniques in Biochemistry (4 s.h.) S.

(Formerly: BIOLOGY 0344.)

Prerequisite: Chemistry 4401 (0371) with a C- or better, or Biology 4375 (0375) with a C- or better.

Laboratory instruction in techniques used to investigate biochemical problems. Techniques include spectrophotometry, various types of electrophoresis, separation of macromolecules, two-dimensional protein separation, affinity chromatography, isolation of plasmid DNA, Western Blot, immunoassay, enzyme kinetics, and radioisotope techniques. If time permits, students will be given a small research project.

4364. Biochemistry of Embryogenesis (3 s.h.)

(Formerly: BIOLOGY 0364.)

Prerequisite: Biology 2112 (0102) and 2203 (0203) with a C+ or better in both.

This course will compare and contrast key biochemical mechanisms of embryonic development in a variety of model organisms ranging from humans to plants. We will examine the roles of enzymes, peptides, small RNA molecules and chromatin structure during embryogenesis. Topics will include micro RNAs, modification of DNA structure, and effects of mutation on enzyme activity. These basic principles will then be applied to subjects such as cell communication, stem cells, and cloning. Course material will be drawn from the experimental literature.

4366. Stem Cell Biology (3 s.h.)

Prerequisite: Biology 2203 (0203) and 3096 (W204), with a grade of C or better in both.

The purpose of this course is two-fold. The first is to present the developmental biology of stem cells, with an overview of the various types of stem cells that exist and an emphasis on embryonic stem cells. The overview will include the important functional differences between embryonic, hematopoietic, and adult stem cells as well as the differences in their biomedical potentials. Techniques such as somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) and other methods for the derivation of stem cell lines will be outlined so that differences that may seem subtle at first glance are clarified. The second purpose is to look into the larger debate on human embryonic stem cell research while continually drawing connections to the established fields of bioethics, politics, and philosophy. The course will ground the issues by looking at the history of the debate over the embryo, with careful attention paid to the language used in arguments. An exploration of important social, ethical, political, and economic issues and how they arose with respect to the stem cell debate will round out the remainder of the course.

4370. Advanced Special Topics in Biochemistry (3 s.h.) F S.

(Formerly: BIOLOGY 4377 & 0387.)

Prerequisite: Chemistry 4401 (0371) with a C- or better, or Biology 4375 (0375) with a C- or better, and permission of instructor.

Advanced lecture course. Subject matter varies from semester to semester.

4375. General Biochemistry I (3 s.h.) F.

(Formerly: BIOLOGY 0375.)

Prerequisite: Biology 3096 (W204), Chemistry 2202 (0122) and Math 1041 (C085) with a C- or better in all.

Properties of water (pH and buffers); chemistry of amino acids and proteins including non-covalent interactions; carbohydrates, nucleotides and nucleic acids; lipids and membranes; enzyme mechanisms and kinetics; control of enzyme activity; bioenergetics and oxidative metabolism; and chemistry of photosynthesis.

4376. General Biochemistry II (3 s.h.) F.

(Formerly: BIOLOGY 0376.)

Prerequisite: Chemistry 4401 (0371) with a C- or better, or Biology 4375 (0375) with a C- or better.

Emphasis on the biochemical reactions in various metabolic pathways. Biosynthesis and degradation of carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and amino acids. Regulation and integration of metabolic pathways. Bioenergetics and oxidative phosphorylation. Signal transduction. Transcription, translation and their control.

4391. Accelerated Research in Biology (2 to 4 s.h.) F S.

(Formerly: BIOLOGY 0392.)

Prerequisite: Senior standing and a GPA of 3.0 or better with recommendation of a faculty sponsor and approval of the Biology Honors Committee. This course is repeatable.

Research under the supervision of a faculty member in the Biology Department. Available for Biology major credit as one elective course upon completion of a minimum of 6 s.h. of Biology 4391 (0392) over two semesters.

A student is eligible for “Distinction in Biology” upon: 1) successful completion of two semesters (6 s.h.) of Biology 4391 (0392); 2) submission of a written report on the student’s research to the faculty sponsor and the Biology Honors Committee; and 3) a poster presentation on the student’s research during the Biology Department’s annual poster exhibition.

4483. Accelerated Research in Biochemistry (3 s.h.) S.

Prerequisite: Admission to this course requires approval by the Biochemistry Committee.

This course is required for graduation with distinction in the major. Student presentation of research done in this course [and 4491 (0394)] or a comprehensive presentation of a topic selected jointly by student and advisor. Emphasis placed on analysis of experimental techniques, quantitative interpretation of the data, logical analysis of controls, and implication of the results.

Admission to this course and the distinction track, as well as recommendation for graduation with distinction, must be approved by the Biochemistry Committee.

4491. Research in Biochemistry (3 s.h.) F S.

(Formerly: BIOLOGY 0394.)

Prerequisite: Written approval must be obtained in advance from a faculty sponsor and one of the Biochemistry Undergraduate Chairs. This course is repeatable. Available for the Biochemistry major.

Research under the supervision of one of the Biochemistry faculty. If repeated, a presentation of the student’s research is required during the second semester.

Upon successful completion of two semesters of Biology 4491 (0394), the student may petition for them to be counted as one of the Biochemistry electives.

4591. Research in Neuroscience (3 s.h.)

Prerequisite: A grade of B- or better in Biology 3352 and written approval in advance from a faculty sponsor and one of the Neuroscience Undergraduate Chairs. This course is repeatable for a total of two semesters. Two semesters are required for the Neuroscience major.

Research under the supervision of one of the Neuroscience faculty. A written presentation of the student’s research is required during the second semester.