History

02414/History

More detailed descriptions of all undergraduate courses in history at Temple are available on the department website at www.temple.edu/history/.

Foundational Courses

1002. America in the Age of Lincoln (3 s.h.)

(Formerly: HISTORY 0072.)

This course uses Abraham Lincoln's extraordinary life as a prism through which to view the Civil War era. We will read and analyze Lincoln's legendary speeches and other primary sources, and sample the vast scholarship on his political career and personal life. We will debate his views on slavery, emancipation, civil liberties, and military strategy, and evaluate his record and his legacy as a leader.

1003. History of the American West (3 s.h.)

(Formerly: HISTORY 0070.)

This course examines the American West as a place of conquest, as a largely desert environment quite unlike the East, and as an icon of American culture. Through lecture, reading, and discussion, we will explore these three overlapping themes: 1) cultural encounters in the West, among Euroamericans, Indians, Mexican-Americans of the Southwestern borderlands, and Asian immigrants to the Pacific Coast; 2) the reciprocal relationship between people and the environment; and 3) the cultural symbolism of the American West, both as an enduring national icon and as an ideology that has shaped settlement.

1005. Youth, Romance, and Sex in post-WWII America (3 s.h.)

(Formerly: HISTORY 0076.)

American understandings of what is appropriate sexual and romantic behavior for youth changed dramatically over the second half of the twentieth century - as did the actual behavior of young people. In this course we will try to understand why those changes took place and how the meanings of 'romance' and 'sex' have been struggled with in our recent past. This course is also an introduction to the study of history: students will work extensively with primary documents, do oral histories, and analyze different scholarly interpretations of the same set of events.

1008. The Sixties: The American Experience (3 s.h.)

(Formerly: HISTORY 0079.)

This course will explore the history of the United States in the Sixties era with a major focus on struggles for social justice, the Vietnam War, and the counterculture. Through readings, films, guest speakers, lectures, and discussion, we will tackle the great controversies and debates of the era.

1041. Before the Da Vinci Code: The Holy Grail (3 s.h.)

(Formerly: HISTORY 0061.)

This course is intended to acquaint students with the interlinked problems of cultural violence, history writing, and the invention and popularity of Grail romances in 12th century Europe. The Grail romance cycle emerged in the wake of violence perpetrated by Christian Crusaders who traveled to the Eastern Mediterranean to capture Jerusalem and other pilgrimage sites from their Muslim rulers. We will study how the Grail story stages a crisis in chivalric masculinity and enacts fierce contests over knowledge, power, capital, and religious difference endemic in 12th and 13th century Europe. We will also explore why the Grail never lets go in the Western imaginary. We will study how bits and pieces of the Grail story recycled themselves in imperial fantasies of the 19th century, in Nazi Germany, as well as post-War new-Nazi fantasies, up to the Da Vinci Code.

1043. Living Royally: The World of Europe's Kings and Queens (3 s.h.)

(Formerly: HISTORY 0064.)

This course is designed as an introduction to the history, culture, and politics of the European royal court in the pre-1800 period. We will be examining the court as a social institution and a network of privilege and patronage; the court as a physical space that determined access to power, as well as the court as a practical challenge that included the staffing, provisioning, and organization of a household of this size and importance; and the court as the household of the royal family and court nobility. This will include investigation of the sexual, cultural, and social world of the royal family, as well as the rituals and ceremonies associated with noble power and royal kingship.

1045. Sex in Twentieth-Century Europe: Panic and Liberation (3 s.h.)

(Formerly: HISTORY 0069.)

This course examines the twentieth-century history of sexual attitudes, desires, behaviors, identities, communities, and movements in western Europe (most notably Germany, France and the United Kingdom). We will focus on the period from the 1920s until today, years when celebrations and concerns about sexual liberation, hedonism, the 'decline of virtue', the end of repression, etc., have been constantly at the center of political, social, religious and scientific debates. Among the topics covered are reproduction, fertility, birth control, and abortion; prostitution and commercialized sex; sexually-transmitted diseases; interracial and interethnic sexualities; and same-sex (homo-) and cross-sex (hetero-) sexualities. We explore the importance of sexuality in history and the ways in which the study of sexuality offers opportunities to re-think major themes in the social, cultural, and political histories of the West.

1062. Confronting Empire: Imperialism, Resistance, and the Third World (3 s.h.)

(Formerly: HISTORY 0052.)

This course introduces key themes and issues in the study of both modern imperialism and the opposition and challenges to it emanating from the third world/global South, past and present. Bringing together a variety of primary and secondary source materials, the course examines case studies and specific moments of collective struggle drawn from the disarticulated sites labeled the 'third world'. It spotlights anti-imperialism as a unifying axis of multidimensional opposition, but also reveals the radically democratic aspirations and efforts to achieve participatory social justice that have formed points of commonality among third world people. As such, it develops the tools for comprehending third world peoples as historic agents in the shaping of alternative modernities and imaginings about the end of empire, and through their confrontations as key actors thwarting and destabilizing the imperialist project in the modern world.

Lower Division Courses

0829. The History & Significance of Race in America (3 s.h.) Core: RS.

(Formerly: GE-RADV 1064.)

Why were relations between Native Americans and whites violent almost from the beginning of European settlement? How could slavery thrive in a society founded on the principle that “all men are created equal”? How comparable were the experiences of Irish, Jewish, and Italian immigrants, and why did people in the early 20th century think of them as separate “races”? What were the causes and consequences of Japanese Americans’ internment in military camps during World War II? Are today’s Mexican immigrants unique, or do they have something in common with earlier immigrants? Using a variety of written sources and outstanding documentaries, this course examines the racial diversity of America and its enduring consequences.

Note: This General Education `Race & Diversity` pilot course fulfills the Core Studies in Race (RS) requirement.

0831. The American Dream: Hearing the Immigrant Voice (3 s.h.) Core: RS.

(Formerly: GE-RADV 1066.)

As a Temple student, you go to school and live in a city full of immigrants. Perhaps your own relatives were immigrants to the United States. But have you ever listened to their stories? With an historical and sociological framework as a basis, we will take an in-depth and more personal look at the immigrant experience as expressed through the immigrants’ own voices in literature and film. Topics explored include: assimilation, cultural identity and Americanization, exploitation and the American Dream, ethnic communities, gender, discrimination and stereotyping.

Note: This General Education `Race & Diversity` pilot course fulfills the Core Studies in Race (RS) requirement.

0832. Politics of Identity in America (3 s.h.) Core: RS.

(Formerly: GE-RADV 1062.)

Gay or straight. Black or white. Male or female. What do these different group identities mean to Americans? How do they influence our politics? Should we celebrate or downplay our diversity? This course explores how we think about others and ourselves as members of different groups and what consequences it has for how we treat one another. Our fundamental social identities can be a source of power or of powerlessness, a justification for inequality or for bold social reform. Students learn about the importance of race, class, gender and sexual orientation across a variety of important contexts, such as the family, workplace, schools, and popular culture and the implications these identities have on our daily lives.

Note: This General Education `Race & Diversity` pilot course fulfills the Core Studies in Race (RS) requirement.

0834. Representing Race (3 s.h.) Core: RS.

(Formerly: GE-RADV 1063.)

From classical Greece and Rome, who saw themselves under siege by the “barbarian hoards,” to contemporary America and its war on “Islamic extremism,” from `The Birth of a Nation` to `Alien Nation`, Western societies have repeatedly represented a particular group of people as a threat to civilization. This course will examine a wide range of representations of non-Western people and cultures in film, literature, scientific and legal writings, popular culture, and artistic expression. What is behind this impulse to divide the world into “us” and “them”? How is it bound up with our understanding of race and racial difference? And what happens when the “barbarian hoards” talk back?

Note: This General Education `Race & Diversity` pilot course fulfills the Core Studies in Race (RS) requirement.

0847. American Military Culture (3 s.h.) Core: AC.

(Formerly: GE-US 1172.)

You live in a country that possesses the world’s strongest military forces. Up through the Vietnam War, Americans viewed military service in wartime as a basic obligation for all adult male citizens – the ultimate test of their patriotism and manhood – but a temporary sacrifice that ceased for most on the return of peace. Today, the American people have outsourced their awesome war-making power to a restricted number of men and women, many of whom consider military service their career. We will explore the distinctive culture that shapes the composition and behavior of America’s armed forces and probe how it reflects the strengths and weaknesses of American society.

Note: This General Education `United States Society` pilot course fulfills the Core American Culture (AC) requirement.

0848. American Revolutions (3 s.h.) Core: AC.

(Formerly: GE-US 1171.)

From the first encounters with Native Americans to the present, a series of pivotal moments have had an enduring influence on American society, culture, and politics. In each class, three modules will focus on three pivotal moments, such as King Philip’s War, Nat Turner’s Rebellion, the Scopes trial, the Civil Rights movement, the women’s movement, the emergence of Elvis Presley, the sexual revolution, the rise of environmentalism, the Reagan Revolution, and 9-11. In each module, students will first place the main subject of the module in context, and then seek to understand how it changed American society. The last week of each module will be devoted to a consideration of how the subject of that module has become part of American collective memory.

Note: This General Education `United States Society` pilot course fulfills the Core American Culture (AC) requirement.

0849. Dissent in America (3 s.h.) Core: AC.

(Formerly: GE-US 1072 (0061).)

Note: This General Education `United States Society` pilot course fulfills the Core American Culture (AC) requirement.

0859. The Making of American Society: Melting Pot or Culture Wars? (3 s.h.) Core: AC.

(Formerly: GE-US 1079.)

Terrorism, illegal immigration, gay marriage, religious conflict, political in-fighting, corporate corruption, racial animosities, civil liberties assaults, media conglomeration, Wal-Mart goes to China and the rich get richer. America in the 21st Century is a contentious society. How did we get to this place in time? This course examines what makes American society distinctive from other advanced industrial democracies. Specifically, we study the philosophical origins of America, the development of social and economic relationships over time, and the political disputes dominating contemporary American life. The course relies heavily on perspectives from History, Sociology and Political Science to explain the challenges facing contemporary American Society.

Note: This General Education `United States Society` pilot course fulfills the Core American Culture (AC) requirement.

0862. Development and Globalization (3 s.h.) Core: IS.

(Formerly: GE-WRLD 1175.)

Use historical and case study methods to study the differences between rich and poor nations and the varied strategies available for development in a globalizing world. Examine the challenges facing developing countries in historical and contemporary context and analyze the main social, cultural, and political factors that interact with the dynamic forces of the world economy. These include imperialism/colonialism, state formation, labor migration, demographic trends, gender issues in development, religious movements and nationalism, the challenges to national sovereignty, waves of democratization, culture and mass media, struggles for human rights, environmental sustainability, the advantages and disadvantages of globalization, and movements of resistance.

Note: This General Education `World Society` pilot course fulfills the Core International Studies (IS) requirement.

0864. War and Peace (3 s.h.) Core: IS.

(Formerly: GE-WRLD 1172.)

Total war, weapons of mass destruction, genocide. These were not solely inventions of the twentieth century nor are they the natural consequences of a violent human nature. Leaders, armies, and the strategies they pursue are rooted in their social and political context. Weapons are the products of not merely technological but also historical and cultural development. Battles occur on a political and historical terrain. Learn how ancient ideology, medieval technology, modern propaganda, and more have changed how humans wage war and make peace.

Note: This General Education `World Society` pilot course fulfills the Core International Studies (IS) requirement.

0866. World Affairs (3 s.h.) Core: IS.

(Formerly: GE-WRLD 1176.)

We live in a global age when events beyond our borders significantly affect our lives. Sharpen your understanding of international developments, including wars, economic globalization, wealth and poverty, the spread of democracy, environmental degradation, and global pandemics. This course offers an introduction to the study of world affairs that gives you the conceptual tools to deepen your understanding of how major historical and current trends in the world affect your life and that of others around the globe. Readings include historical documents, classic texts in the study of international relations, and current perspectives on the state of the world from multiple disciplinary perspectives.

Note: This General Education `World Society` pilot course fulfills the Core International Studies (IS) requirement.

0949. Honors Dissent in America (3 s.h.) Core: AC.

(Formerly: GE-US 1972 (H061).)

Throughout American history, individuals and groups of people have marched to the beat of a different drummer and raised their voices in strident protest. Study the story and development of dissent in America. How has dissent shaped American society? In addition to studying the historical antecedents of dissent, students will have first-hand experience visiting and studying a present-day dissent organization in the Philadelphia area to investigate connections between the history of dissent and the process of making dissenting opinion heard today. Students will also do an oral history project by interviewing a participant in one of the dissent movements of the past fifty years: civil rights, anti-Vietnam war, feminism, gay rights, environmentalism, etc. (This is an Honors course.)

Note: This General Education `United States Society` pilot course fulfills the Core American Culture (AC) requirement.

0964. Honors War and Peace (3 s.h.) Core: IS.

(Formerly: GE-WRLD 1972.)

Note: This General Education `World Society` pilot course fulfills the Core International Studies (IS) requirement.

1001. History of Philadelphia (3 s.h.)

(Formerly: HISTORY 0167.)

This course is intended as an introduction to the History of Philadelphia, broadly defined as the region as well as the city, and assumes no background or deeply developed interest in American history. It presents a general survey that can pique the curiosity of anyone who wants to explore one of the nation`s most exciting cities, but it is also meant to be especially useful to students imagining careers in such diverse fields as hospitality and tourism, journalism and education, environmental studies and law. The course will examine both how national and international events (say, the Revolution or the rise of the modern global economy) impacted the city, and also how the city experienced forces (like the adoption of the automobile) that transformed it.

1004. United States at War (3 s.h.)

(Formerly: HISTORY 0181.)

This course is a survey of the rise of the American military establishment from its origins as a small, neglected cadre of coastal and frontier guardians to a mighty world police force and the most expensive concern of the federal government. Emphasis will be placed on the development of military policy, the principles of war, and the inter-relationship between military affairs, technology, politics, and social change.

1006. History of Sex and Gender in Film (3 s.h.)

(Formerly: HISTORY 0075.)

Prerequisite: 24 credit hours of college work, sophomore standing.

Cross Listed with Womens Studies 2159 (0159).

Students will analyze mainstream, popular films produced in the post-WWII 20th century U.S., treating them as cultural texts that shed light on the ongoing historical struggles over gender identity and appropriate sexual behaviors. The course focuses on a volatile and complicated period in America`s history: the years from World War II through the present. In those years, America`s social-sexual mores and our ideas of masculinity and femininity (as well as our definitions of appropriate gender roles) have changed dramatically, but not without controversy. In watching and analyzing films that millions of Americans saw when they were first released, we will try to understand how these films fit into ongoing conversations about sex and gender in specific historical eras.

1007. Popular Culture in 20th Century America (3 s.h.)

(Formerly: HISTORY 0174.)

This course examines the roles that stereotypes, fashions, sports, the automobile, movies, radio, television, and leisure activities, have played in 20th century American culture, and the manifestations of political and cultural life that the artifacts and leisure activities of the average American exemplified. A knowledge of the history and development of poplar culture reveals the roots of modern American society and culture, and explains why Americans have not only developed in a unique way, but why their cultural influence has been so great on a global scale. As such, the course allows students to gain a broader view of American society while providing depth and clarity of understanding of it through areas not usually addressed by more traditional avenues of learning. Toward this end, students will write a research paper on a topic in popular culture using written, oral, and visual materials. Emphasis will be placed on the development of the student`s topic through an analysis of historical context, asking a proper historical question, analyzing multiple historical factors, and formulating historical arguments.

1011. Modern U.S. History Through Film (3 s.h.)

(Formerly: HISTORY 0173.)

This course will examine aspects of U.S. history in the 20th century through the use of public released feature motion pictures. In this visually oriented society, every student encounters images of history and culture on an almost daily basis. Critical thinking about the visual media must be learned. Every motion picture is a primary document that can be read, interpreted, and studied with as much depth as a written document. Because of their complexity, however, motion pictures reveal a vast array of contemporary attitudes specific to their period. A series of motion pictures will be shown illustrating different aspects of American history. As an intermediate course in the history department`s curriculum, the students will learn to critically examine these historical documents for different levels of meaning. They will analyze not only the surface plots of the films, but the underlying historical assumptions that provided the intellectual underpinning of the movies. They will write papers based on their abilities to analyze the visual documents and fashion an historical argument.

1013. History of the American Presidency (3 s.h.)

(Formerly: HISTORY 0273.)

This course examines historical developments in the office of the U.S. president from its establishment to contemporary times. Through lectures, discussions, class projects, and outside assignments, we will explore the historical literature dealing with the creation and evolution of the office; the presidents who have shaped the office; the powers and limitations of the office in both foreign and domestic affairs; the president`s relationship to the courts, the Congress, the people, and the press; and the broad political developments essential to our understanding of the place of the presidency within our changing political culture. This course asks: How has our most important national political institution come to be what it is? Two themes permeate the course: (1) what is the source and nature of presidential power? (2) who are the men who have held the office and why have they failed or succeeded? This course prepares students for further historical or other academic studies and for related professional careers in law, journalism, or executive management. More importantly, the course engages students` concerns as life-long participants in American democracy.

1022. Latin American Social Struggles (3 s.h.)

(Formerly: HISTORY 0122.)

An examination of Latin America’s contemporary history from the Cuban Revolution in 1959 through the end of the Cold War to the present. The course explores such matters as revolution and counter-revolution; human rights and institutional accountability; city life and social change; the movement of people, narcotics, goods; and new forms of political and cultural conflict. Methods of instruction include paperback readings, the internet, and video clips.

1046. History of Nazi Germany (3 s.h.)

(Formerly: HISTORY 0150.)

This course studies the rise and decline of Hitler`s Third Reich, from its intellectual origins in the 19th century and World War I, through the meteoric rise of the National Socialist movement during the early 1930`s, to its demise in the ruins of Berlin in 1945. Special attention is given to the sources of support for Nazism among German voters, the structure of the National Socialist state, the role of Adolf Hitler, the Holocaust, and the causes and consequences of the Second World War.

1051. Che Guevara and the Question of Revolution (3 s.h.)

(Formerly: HISTORY 0054.)

Between the coming to power of the Cuban Revolution in 1959 and the early 1990s, Latin America found itself convulsed by revolution and counter-revolution. For many around the world, Che Guevara symbolized heroic revolutionary struggle. Through the prism of Che`s life and image, this course will examine Latin America`s conflicts during this era and discuss the urgent issues that still remain from the question of revolution.

1061. The United States and the Middle East, 1990-Present (3 s.h.)

(Formerly: HISTORY 0051.)

This course introduces students to one of the most important global problems facing the United States, namely, its relations with Middle Eastern peoples and states. It begins with the US involvement in the defeat of the Soviet Union in Afghanistan and moves on to look historically at American conflict with Iraq in the 1990s, the Arab-Israeli problem, and the challenge presented by the geopolitical contest over oil supplies. The US involvement in the region has had huge consequences for the Middle East and South Asia as well as for the American people. The course will use a variety of sources to introduce students to the background of these contemporary conflicts.

1101. U.S. History to 1877 (3 s.h.) SS. Core: AC.

(Formerly: HISTORY C067.)

This course examines major themes in American history from the early 17th century to the last quarter of the 19th century. The period includes some of the most important developments and events in American history: encounters between Native Americans and European colonists, the formation of colonial societies, the American Revolution, the making of the new republic, the beginning of industrialization, the settlement of the West, and the Civil War. One of the themes that unites this long period is the formation of the American political philosophy within a pluralistic society, and Americans' struggles to fulfill the promises inherent in its revolutionary political philosophy. There are no prerequisites.

1102. U.S. History since 1877 (3 s.h.) SS. Core: AC.

(Formerly: HISTORY C068.)

This is a general survey course of the main currents in American history since 1877. Since the 1870s, the people of the United States have struggled over the meaning of equality, the practice of democracy, the politics of economic development, and the role of the United States in the world. This course will explore these themes and others in order to analyze the history of the modern United States.

1103. Race and Ethnicity in American History (3 s.h.) Core: RS.

(Formerly: HISTORY R160.)

This course deals centrally with the social process by which societies create racial and ethnic groups and define their place in relation to other racial or ethnic groups. Because the emergence of racial and ethnic groups is a historical process, the course will examine American history from the colonial period to the present in order to understand the changing ways that Americans have viewed each other and divided into groups. In short, the course will be rooted in specific processes in American history, but will examine how America formed groups that are given power and prestige, recognized as real Americans, discriminated against, marginalized, enslaved or killed. The groups to be examined include, but are not limited to, Blacks, Native Americans, Irish-Americans, Italian-Americans, Chinese-Americans, Jews, and Chicanos.

1104. American Empire (3 s.h.)

(Formerly: HISTORY 0180.)

This course surveys and interprets the creation and growth of the American empire from the colonial era to contemporary times. In doing so, it addresses the fundamental questions of how and why a republic, founded on the lofty principles concerning liberty and equality eloquently expressed in the Declaration of Independence, behaved so aggressively in pursuing territorial and commercial aggrandizement, including the subjugation and in some cases extermination of peoples and nations. The course will also examine the instruments the United States employed to expand its influence and dominion. These include traditional means like force, diplomacy, and economics, and less orthodox methods and agents, ranging from missionaries to movie moguls to the Marlboro Man. Consequently, a major challenge of this course will be both to arrive at an appropriate definition of empire, and further, to identify the constituencies from within the private as well as public sectors, and to a degree from the international community, that contributed to the realization of George Washington`s vision of the United States as a rising empire.

1301. Modern Europe (3 s.h.) SS. Core: IS.

(Formerly: HISTORY C066.)

This course focuses on major developments in Europe from the 18th through the 20th centuries. Europeans in this period gave shape to the modern state system, spurred the industrial revolution, and founded global empires. They also triggered revolutions, engaged in constant warfare with each other and many non-European peoples, and gave birth to new ideologies such as Communism, Fascism, and Nazism. During this period, Europe also made important advances in science, technology, the humanities and the arts that gave shape to the modern world. This course surveys these developments by drawing on the work of contemporary historians as well as a wide array of primary sources, including novels, memoirs, musical and visual materials. The course provides a basic foundation for further course work in any field of modern history.

1501. Third World History (3 s.h.) SS. Core: IS.

(Formerly: HISTORY C060.)

Third World History offers a form of global history since 1500 that focuses upon the Third World, approximately three-quarters of the world`s population whose experience has been powerfully shaped by colonialism and imperialism as well as by resistance to these forces. The historical issues raised in the course constitute some of the most fundamental elements shaping the present-day world as well as the immediate future. Particular attention is given to the 20th century. Assignments in the course are concerned with both historical issues and with the development of student analytical and writing skills.

Note: In addition to meeting the University Core International Studies requirement for all students, this course meets the Non-Western/Third World International Studies requirement for Bachelor of Arts in Communication Sciences majors. Please note the recent update to the Core International Studies requirement at www.temple.edu/vpus/documents/Core_IS_UpdateFinal.pdf.

1701. World History Ancient (3 s.h.) Core: IS.

(Formerly: HISTORY C061.)

An introduction to world history from earliest times until the 15th century. The course surveys the birth of agriculture, early human settlements, the establishment of cities and “civilizations,” the organization of global cultural and religious systems, the power and authority of massive empires, the influence of business interests, and “border peoples” on the fringes of the great systems. The scope is global, and we always ask “How do we know?” and “What is its significance?

1702. World History Modern (3 s.h.) Core: IS.

(Formerly: HISTORY C062.)

This course begins with Columbus’ voyages, which linked the major trading regions of the world together, and continues through the expansion of imperialism, the revolts against excessive government power and authority, and the invention of astonishing new technologies of creativity and destruction. The course concludes with the formation of new international, national, religious, and gender identities in the last few decades. We analyze economics, politics, technology, culture, religion, and innovative ideas as formative influences. We always ask “How do we know?” and “What is its significance?” as well as “What do we know?” The course serves as an introduction to modern world history that students can build upon in subsequent course work.

1705. War and Society (3 s.h.) Core: IS.

(Formerly: HISTORY C063.)

This course explores history through the prism of wars, their origins and consequences--with a focus on social, economic, technological, and cultural changes and their correlations with the nature of warfare. Various incarnations of the course examine virtually all regions of the globe, over time periods ranging from the prehistoric to the contemporary.

1708. Gender and History (3 s.h.) SS. Core: IS.

(Formerly: HISTORY C065.)

This course will introduce you to the history of feminine and masculine roles from a comparative international perspective. It will cover basic facts, concepts, and themes relating to six topics: The state, the sacred, work, the family, the body, and modern social movements (feminism, women's suffrage, pacifism, and socialism), using as case studies Ancient Greece, Medieval Europe, West Africa, Modern Europe, and the United States.

1901. Honors U.S. History to 1877 (3 s.h.) SS. Core: AC.

(Formerly: HISTORY H097.)

This course examines major themes in American history from the early seventeenth century to the last quarter of the nineteenth century. The period includes some of the most important developments and events in American history: encounters between Native Americans and European colonists, the formation of colonial societies, the American Revolution, the making of the new republic, the beginning of industrialization, the settlement of the West, and the Civil War. One of the themes that unites this long period is the formation of the American political philosophy within a pluralistic society, and Americans` struggles to fulfill the promises inherent in its revolutionary political philosophy. There are no prerequisites.

1902. Honors U.S. History since 1877 (3 s.h.) SS. Core: AC.

(Formerly: HISTORY H098.)

1903. Honors Race and Ethnicity in American History (3 s.h.) Core: RS.

(Formerly: HISTORY H190.)

1904. Honors War and Society (3 s.h.) Core: IS.

(Formerly: HISTORY H091.)

1908. Honors Gender and History (3 s.h.) SS. Core: IS.

(Formerly: HISTORY H095.)

1980. Honors: Special Topics (3 s.h.)

(Formerly: HISTORY H196.)

Arranged each semester, please consult with the instructor. See the history department website (www.temple.edu/history) for the specific topics offered each semester.

Upper Division Courses

2103. African American History to 1865 (3 s.h.) Core: RS.

(Formerly: HISTORY R161.)

This course will examine the activities of African Americans in America from slavery to 1865. Among the topics to be studied are: Slavery, The American Revolution, and the Civil War. In addition, much attention will be devoted toward emphasizing the multi-dimensional aspect of the African American Community, and the crucial role which African American women have played in America will be stressed. The course will focus on themes and questions which are essential to an understanding of the past and to an understanding of the present struggles for full citizenship on the part of African Americans.

2104. African American History 1865-Present (3 s.h.) SS. Core: RS.

(Formerly: HISTORY R162.)

This course will examine the activities of African Americans in America from Reconstruction to the present. Among the topics to be studied are: Reconstruction, the evolution of African American leadership, the Harlem Renaissance, the Civil Rights Movement, and Black Power. In addition, much attention will be devoted toward emphasizing the multi-dimensional aspect of the African American Community, and the crucial role that African American women have played in America will also be stressed. The course will focus on themes and questions, which are essential to an understanding of the past and to an understanding of the present struggles for full citizenship on the part of African Americans. This course meets the university Studies in Race requirement.

2105. Race and the U.S. Constitution (3 s.h.) Core: RS.

(Formerly: HISTORY R267.)

The central focus of the course is how the issue of race has shaped the history of the United States Constitution and how constitutional law contributed to the history of ideas about race in the United States. We study the origins of the law of race and slavery in the pre-revolutionary period and end with understanding the origins of affirmative action in the post-World War II period. Students will read various books about U.S. Constitutional history in order to understand various interpretations of historical events and ideas abut race. Student will also read original court cases about racial minorities in order to develop an understanding of original historical texts. Many of the skills emphasized in the class prepare students for law school, public service, and analyzing the historical roots of contemporary issues. Class discussion about constitutional issues is designed to give students confidence and precision in public speaking. Students will also write book reviews in order to develop an understanding of how historians collect evidence in order to construct historical interpretations and to develop their own interpretations of historical events and their personal writing skills.

2107. Asian American History (3 s.h.) Core: RS.

(Formerly: HISTORY R163.)

Cross Listed with American Studies 2107 (R136), Asian Studies 2107 (R190).

An introductory survey of the historical experiences of Chinese, Japanese, Filipino, Korean, South, and Southeast Asian immigrants in the United States. Considers economic, social, political, and cultural trends, beginning with the arrival of the Chinese in the 1830s and ending with issues facing Asian-Americans today. Includes the development and significance of Asian-American communities and culture as well as approaches to the study of Asian-Americans in racial hierarchies. The aims of the course are to analyze commonalities and differences in the historical and contemporary experiences of Asian ethnic groups and to explore perspectives on the position of Asians in U.S. society - assimilation, model minority, institutional racism, and internal colonialism. Instructional methods include lectures and audio-visual materials, but they also emphasize active student participation in learning through discussion, oral reports, and written assignments.

2108. Growing Up in America (3 s.h.)

(Formerly: HISTORY 0171.)

Cross Listed with American Studies 2108 (0114).

This course will examine the changing perception and experience of growing up in the United States from colonial times to the present. It will argue that childhood and adolescence are social constructions that change over time. The course will explore the emergence of childhood and adolescence as distinct stages in the life cycle, the evolving role of the family in the process of growing up, and the increasing importance of social institutions other than the family in the lives of the young. Particular attention will be paid to the difference between growing up rich or poor, black or white, male or female, and rural or urban. Finally, it will consider the reciprocal relationship between popular culture and the lives of young Americans.

2109. Sexuality and Gender in American History (3 s.h.)

(Formerly: HISTORY 0172.)

How do sexuality and gender shape the way a society views the behavior of men and women? How do they create images and stereotypes of ideal or 'typical' female and male behavior? And how do the ways in which people actually act compare to the society's conventional ideas about how they ought to act? This course takes us from the beginning of the 19th century to the present, exploring the social, cultural, and political dimensions of the public and private roles of women and men in the United States. It examines changing cultural values and social norms of masculinity and femininity and considers the actual behavior of women and men in the family, at work and at play, in love, and in the life of the nation. It also probes the ways in which race, social class, and sexual orientation have affected the experience of gender.

2111. Recent American History (3 s.h.)

(Formerly: HISTORY 0175.)

The purpose of this course is to describe the political, social, and economic changes that the United States has experienced in making the transition from the Cold War era to the post-Cold War (and post-industrial) society of the late 20th century. The subject matter should be of interest to students in Education, Journalism, Urban Studies, and Psychology, as well as History majors. The course covers the entire period since World War II, but there is more emphasis on social change since 1970. Topics covered include: the origins of the Cold War; anti-Communism in American society and politics; the Civil Rights movement; the Vietnam War and anti-war movement; conservative backlash; Nixon and Watergate; the rise of a post-industrial economy; post-industrial social trends (gender, race, and the new immigration); and the growing impact of media on society and politics.

2118. Dissent in America (3 s.h.)

(Formerly: HISTORY 0184.)

A central aspect of a democratic society is the constitutional guarantee that all citizens possess freedom of speech, thought and conscience. Throughout American history individuals and groups of people, often times vociferously, marched to the beat of a different drummer, and raised their voices in strident protest. This course focuses on the story and development of dissent in America. How has dissent shaped American society? Why is it that some people never buy into the American Dream? How has dissent molded groups of people within American society and, indeed, even transformed individuals? This course will look at such historical figures as Anne Hutchinson, Roger Williams, Mary Dyer, Henry David Thoreau, David Walker, Susan B. Anthony, Randolph Bourne, Martin Luther King, Malcolm X, Allen Ginsberg, Abbie Hoffman, Timothy Leary, George Lincoln Rockwell, Timothy McVeigh, Ani DiFranco, Cindy Sheehan and others who have dissented from mainstream America.

2207. Sects, Cults and Establishments (3 s.h.)

(Formerly: HISTORY 0170.)

In the years between 1945 and the present many Americans insisted, with great fervor, that the U.S. government and the U.S. way of life were both based on what they called the 'Judeo-Christian tradition'. But those years also saw an increasing American fascination with a whole range of religious practices, the practices of Pagans, Muslims, Native Americans, Buddhists, and Hindus, for example, that seemed to clearly lie outside of 'the Judeo-Christian tradition' that (some) Americans wanted to naturalize.

2213. History of the American Economy and American Business (3 s.h.)

(Formerly: HISTORY 0176.)

This course is intended to provide the student with a history of the development of the American economy with an emphasis on the part which business played in its development. Topics covered include the agricultural economy; the rise of manufacturing; the development of the corporation, the stock exchanges, finance capitalism, and the rise of banking; 19th century business cycles; the expansion of the American corporation in the years between the Civil War and the Great Depression; the overseas expansion of business and the development worker's capitalism in the 1920s; the changes produced by the Great Depression and the Second World War; and the rise of the modern economy with its trans-national connections, the movement towards deregulation, and the move from manufacturing to a service economy. Students will be introduced to a number of skills aimed at making them better able to understand the current American economy, to the use of historical data as a means of judging current trends in finance and business, and to some of the major websites and journal literature on the subject. They will make written and oral presentations in which they defend their ideas, take a mid-term and a final exam, both of which will require students to answer essay questions, and write a short paper (10-15 pages) on a historical topic dealing with business or economic issues.

2216. U.S. Civil War (3 s.h.)

(Formerly: HISTORY 0182.)

This course will present a detailed survey of the causes, conduct, and immediate consequences of the American Civil War, the bloodiest conflict in United States history. Special emphasis will be placed on the sectional, racial, political, and economic differences that culminated in the dissolution of the Union, the formation of the Confederate nation, strategy and tactics, the personalities of major Union and Confederate commanders and statesmen, the role of Abraham Lincoln in preserving the Union, and the federal government’s conflicting and ultimately unsuccessful efforts to reconstruct Southern politics and society.

2217. Vietnam War (3 s.h.)

(Formerly: HISTORY 0183.)

Cross Listed with American Studies 2217 (0156), Asian Studies 2217 (0256).

The Vietnam War is a microcosm of the forces that have shaped the 20th century world: colonialism, imperialism, nationalism, revolution, modernization, nation building, Third World development, capitalism, communism, the cold war, and more. It was a defining moment for both Americans and Vietnamese, although the peoples of neither nation can agree on what precisely it defined. For the United States, the loss of the war produced a crisis of national identity. For Vietnam, the victory meant the culmination of thirty years of revolutionary struggle. To the present day both suffer from the failure to resolve problems inherent in these outcomes. This course is designed to emphasize the war as a problem for both Americans and Vietnamese. The question will be why almost complete strangers prior to World War II became such bitter enemies so soon thereafter, and as a consequence engaged in mortal combat for more than a decade. The strategy will be to explore the social, political, economic, military, and diplomatic dimensions and ramifications from the perspective of each.

2219. Cold War Culture in America (3 s.h.)

(Formerly: HISTORY 0078.)

In the years following World War II, the United States held a position of unprecedented global power. Yet many Americans experienced a sense of insecurity about the world as never before. Anxieties about communism at home and abroad as well as the constant fear of a nuclear Armageddon shaped American daily life in the early postwar period. This seminar traces the correlation between America`s foreign relations and its culture and society between 1945 and 1960. Participants will discuss the influence of the atomic bomb on American culture, the emergence of the national security state, the effect of anticommunism on individual liberties at home as well as containment policies abroad, cold war gender relations, and the international dimensions of the civil rights movement.

2280. Topics in American History (3 s.h.)

(Formerly: HISTORY 0198.)

Arranged each semester, please consult with the instructor. See the history department website (www.temple.edu/history) for the specific topics offered each semester.

2301. Pre-Modern Europe (3 s.h.)

(Formerly: HISTORY 0140.)

The evolution of Europe from Roman times until 1750. The different cultures that went to make up Europe-Roman, Christian, "Barbarian," Muslim; formation of proto-states; technological and economic change; contact with non-Europeans; social and cultural movements over the medieval and early modern periods. Europe before the modern era was not a static, fossilized culture but rather a dynamic one marked by important discontinuities as well as continuities.

2303. History of Central Europe, 1618-1871 (3 s.h.)

(Formerly: HISTORY 0263.)

This course will examine the political, social, and cultural history of Central Europe from the Thirty Years War until the unification of Germany in 1871. Although Central European history is dominated by German history, this course will cover Central Europe broadly defined. In addition to German and Habsburg history, we will be looking at the important historical changes taking place in Poland, Hungary, and the other non-German regions of the Habsburg lands. In the course of the term we will concentrate on a number of overarching questions: the structure and political traditions of the early modern state (absolutism, rise of bureaucracies and modern state structures, development of political parties); the questions of backwardness, modernization, and relative economic and social development; the rise of nationalism and the emergence of unification politics; and the broad implications of profound changes in the way people in Central Europe thought about and lived their lives.

2304. Twentieth Century Europe: A Continent in Crisis (3 s.h.)

(Formerly: HISTORY 0133.)

This course explores Europe`s tumultuous history during the past century. Over the course of the semester, we will study important moments, stories, groups and individuals from this period, and try to understand why Europeans fought two devastating wars within thirty years, wars that reshaped modern world history. We will explore Europe`s gradual recovery from war and the paths it has taken toward unification and democratization. We will also think about different approaches to interpreting the past and what it means to `do history` or think historically. We will pay significant attention to the histories of Germany, France, and the United Kingdom and less sustained attention to other countries in western and central Europe as well as the Russian Empire/the Soviet Union. As a necessary corollary, areas and peoples outside of the European continent--specifically the United States and various former colonial possessions--will be discussed in relationship to `European history`.

2306. Rise of the European Dictators (3 s.h.)

(Formerly: HISTORY 0249.)

The rise to power of Hitler, Stalin, and Mussolini was conditioned by a prolonged crisis in Europe that began with the First World War and passed through economic depression, cultural upheaval, and the collapse of liberal democracy. This course examines this era of crisis (1918-1945) and explores the ways that these dictators harnessed Europe’s troubles to create powerful mass movements. It examines their use of propaganda, nationalism, racism, and ideology. It also looks at the response of democratic nations to the challenges of Fascism, Nazism, and Communism. The course follows these dictators through to the catastrophe of World War II.

2307. Europe Divided and United, 1939-1995 (3 s.h.)

(Formerly: HISTORY 0250.)

The creation of today’s united, democratic and peaceful Europe has not been easy. It was achieved only after a half century of war, division, and ideological conflict. This course will treat the impact of the Second World War on Europe and its peoples, and then chart the division and occupation of the continent during the cold war. The course covers the major social, political, and economic trends in Europe since 1945, including the rise of the European Union, and shows how, in 1989, the continent was able to shake off the cold war and bring about peaceful revolution. The course also provides a survey of the major issues facing contemporary Europe, such as unemployment, racism, immigration, and the debate over Europe’s role in world affairs.

2317. Central Europe Through Wars and Revolution, 1848-1989 (3 s.h.)

(Formerly: HISTORY 0262.)

This course introduces students to new narratives of European nationalism and identity. The traditional courses on European history have relied on an understanding of European politics that divides the continent between east and west, and relies on Great Power perspectives. Using the concept of Central Europe, and the ways that it has been interpreted, this course encourages students to restore Central and Eastern Europe to the broader histories of the continent. Narratives of Eastern European peoples, Germans, Slavs, Hungarians, and others, were defined by the struggle between forces of nationalism and geopolitical realities, conflicting desires of sovereignty and security, freedom and social justice. This region, now part of the European Union, is rich in history and culture, as well as cultural and religious diversity. This course will highlight how East Europeans went from objects of high politics to subjects of European and world history.

2411. Film in European History (3 s.h.)

(Formerly: HISTORY 0155.)

The renowned film historian Anton Kaes once wrote: "Historical films interpret national history for the broad public and thus produce, organize, and, to a large degree, homogenize public memory. Surpassing schools and universities, film, and television have become the most effective (and paradoxically least acknowledged) institutional vehicles for shaping historical consciousness." This course seeks to right that imbalance by acknowledging and studying the way that films (and other visual media) teach us about history. Using prominent American and European films (primarily), students will learn to critically analyze visual media, examining them for content, bias, and interpretation. The course will cover key episodes in modern European history and will provide historical background/context for the period necessary to evaluate and study films as historical documents.

2415. Russian History in Literature and Film (3 s.h.)

Prerequisite: English 1002 (C050).

Cross Listed with Russian 2104.

Students will read and study a short history of Russia and then read literary works and watch films depicting various periods, topics, events, figures, and issues in Russian history.

2480. Topics in European History (3 s.h.)

(Formerly: HISTORY 0197.)

Arranged each semester, please consult with the instructor. See the history department website (www.temple.edu/history) for the specific topics offered each semester.

2501. Introduction to East Asia: China (3 s.h.)

(Formerly: HISTORY 0115.)

Cross Listed with Asian Studies 2501 (0115).

Overview from ancient times to the present. Designed to provide students with a basic understanding of major themes and broad processes of social change in Chinese history. Emphasizes those aspects of continuity and change that are particularly relevant to contemporary China. Topics include: state formation; the development of characteristic institutions, thought, and cultural practices; long term trends in social dynamics and the economy; imperialism and semi colonialism; revolutionary transformation in the early 20th century; the Maoist road to socialism after 1949; and the post-socialist trajectory of the past two decades and its critique. Course materials include films, primary documents, and literature.

2502. Introduction to East Asia: Japan (3 s.h.)

(Formerly: HISTORY 0116.)

Cross Listed with Asian Studies 2502 (0116).

This introductory course surveys Japan`s evolution from an isolated island kingdom in ancient times to a world power in the 20th century with a focus on continuity and change in religion, government, and family life. Topics include birth of the early state, myths, and civilization; aristocratic high culture; rise of the warrior class; the modern transformation into urban, industrial nation-state; and World War II. The course emphasizes continuity and change through the interpretation of primary documents in translation.

2503. Introduction to Southeast Asia: Insular (3 s.h.)

(Formerly: HISTORY 0117.)

Cross Listed with Asian Studies 2503 (0117).

This course covers the histories of the Philippines, Indonesia, Malaysia, and Singapore from the 16th century until modern times. It will introduce students to the island worlds of Southeast Asia, its peoples, their histories, societies, and economies. To familiarize students with non-Western worlds, lectures will be illustrated with videotapes, slides, and transparencies. Excerpts of articles and indigenous documents will also be used for discussion. Course work will include readings, discussions, examinations, and book reviews.

2504. Introduction to Southeast Asia: Mainland (3 s.h.)

(Formerly: HISTORY 0118.)

Cross Listed with Asian Studies 2504 (0118).

This course covers the histories of Burma, Thailand, Laos, Cambodia, and Vietnam, from the 16th century until modern times. It is a course designed to introduce students to the analysis of such forces as religion, statecraft, ideology, and trade, and the manner in which they have shaped the mainland countries of Southeast Asia. Mainland Southeast Asia`s role in world politics and economy will also be analyzed. Reference will be made to contemporary events taking place in the region, and students will be encouraged to follow these developments through the media and integrate their knowledge in class discussions.

2511. Introduction to African History (3 s.h.) SS.

(Formerly: HISTORY 0119.)

This course is an introduction to the study of African history. History is the record of human activities transmitted to posterity either in written or oral form. Africa has the longest record of human habitation, making African history the oldest in the family of human history. Given the immense complexity and richness of African history, we could only scan through the major themes of African history by studying the intertwining of African culture with African history proper. There are six books assigned for this course. They cover interdisciplinary issues pertaining to cultural studies, anthropological explorations, gender relations, and historical studies proper.

2514. Introduction to Latin America (3 s.h.)

(Formerly: HISTORY 0121.)

An overview of Latin American history from pre-Hispanic civilizations through the Spanish and Portuguese colonial periods and nationhood to the present. Organized both chronologically and thematically, the course probes such issues as the rise and fall of political systems; matters of race, gender, and class; the economic conditions of work and survival; and patterns of social and cultural change. Methods of instruction include paperback readings, the internet, and video clips.

2515. Civilization and Modernity in the Caribbean (3 s.h.)

(Formerly: HISTORY 0227.)

This course surveys post-Emancipation Caribbean history, regarding it as a complex process dominated by notions of 'civilizing' and 'modernizing'. We will address the significance of both terms, exploring what they have meant for the diverse peoples inhabiting the region. What did civilizing mean for the labor practices and religious expressions of free blacks and indentured Indians in the late 19th century? What did modernizing mean for concepts of peoplehood, cultural production and representation in the 20th century? Who have been the primary agents of 'civility' and 'modernity'? And how have others responded to - resisted, embraced, negotiated - their efforts and ambitions? In answering these questions, we will turn to a range of disciplines including history, anthropology, literature and political science.

2516. Modern Islamic History (3 s.h.)

(Formerly: HISTORY 0123.)

This course studies Sunni Islam in terms of its modernist tendencies and its more traditional ones, comparing it to other major trends in the religion, Shi`ism and Sufism. Some emphasis is placed on Egyptian cultural history. The course encourages analytic skills through class participation and written work.

2518. The Ancient Near East (3 s.h.)

(Formerly: HISTORY 0234.)

A survey of ancient Mesopotamian culture starting with the end of the neolithic period and covering Sumerian, Akkadian, Babylonian, Assyrian, Neo-Babylonian and Persian civilizations. Students will be introduced to the literature and the archaeology of these cultures and their influence on the Bible and later civilizations.

2611. Third World Issues through Film (3 s.h.)

(Formerly: HISTORY 0113.)

Films bring alive the texture of society and the context of ideas, events, lives, and conflicts in a way that standard textbooks and readings cannot. This survey course introduces repeating, powerful, and important themes in modem history through the study of issues raised in Asian, African, and Latin American cinema. Unit I presents issues of Colonialism, Nationalism, and Independence Movements. Unit II, Post-Colonial Themes, includes nation building, neocolonialism, and responses to neocolonialism as well as issues of cultural reconstruction, political leadership, class, gender, race, and ethnicity in post-independence eras. Written texts complement the films; class discussion and assignments focus on analysis of the characters, events, institutions, and ideas represented in the films and readings.

2670. Topics in African History (3 s.h.)

(Formerly: HISTORY 0193.)

Arranged each semester, please consult with the instructor. See the history department website (www.temple.edu/history) for the specific topics offered each semester.

2680. Topics in Asian History (3 s.h.)

(Formerly: HISTORY 0194.)

Arranged each semester, please consult with the instructor. See the history department website (www.temple.edu/history) for the specific topics offered each semester.

2702. Imperialism, Race, and Empire (3 s.h.) Core: RS.

(Formerly: HISTORY R109.)

This course introduces key themes and issues central to an understanding of race in modern history. Examining the intersection of race and imperialism-empire over the last two centuries, it places special importance on: how ideas about race were profoundly affected by the colonial encounter; how rationalizations for imperialism have often depended on race; and the resistance of subordinated people to racialist discourses and forms of rule.

2703. African Diaspora (3 s.h.) Core: RS.

(Formerly: HISTORY R110.)

This course deals with the history of the African Diaspora in the Americas for the last five hundred years. How this African presence impacted upon the social, economic, cultural, religious, and demographic set-up of the Americas will be addressed. Themes like pan-African nationalism and racial discourse will also be discussed.

2705. Anti-Semitism/Holocaust/Racism (3 s.h.) Core: RS.

(Formerly: HISTORY R108.)

Cross Listed with Jewish Studies 2705 (R234).

This course examines the history of antisemitism with a focus on the Holocaust and racism. It investigates the development and implementation of racial antisemitism in Germany and compares Nazi antisemitism with other forms of racism and antisemitism in Europe and America; the course also explores the social construction of race, the connection between antisemitism and anti-Zionism, the growth of neo-Nazism, the complex relationship between American Jews and African Americans, and racism in the world today.

2706. Jewish Diaspora (3 s.h.)

(Formerly: HISTORY 0112.)

Jewish history from the destruction of the Second Jewish Commonwealth to the creation of the State of Israel. Focus on minority status, migration, persecution, economic adaptation, gender roles in different environments, acculturation and identity. Will include the medieval Jewish experience under both Christian and Islamic rule; the development of Jewish communities in Eastern Europe, Western Europe, and the United States; the changing role of Jewish women; the rise of Zionism; and the Holocaust.

2803. Soldiers, Wars, and Societies: The British Army (3 s.h.) F.

(Formerly: HISTORY 0154.)

This course will trace the history of the British Royal Army from its founding in 1660-61 to the present. Emphasis will be placed on organization, recruitment, wars, battles, campaigns, prominent commanders, and how changes in the British Army mirrored changes in British society. Other important themes will be the army`s role in conquering and defending the British Empire and major developments in British military policy and strategy.

2804. Peace, Conflict, and Social Change (3 s.h.)

(Formerly: HISTORY 0102.)

This course addresses the question of conflict/violence in terms of local, domestic, national, and international issues. Course material will consider conflict/violence using the following subtopics: weapons proliferation and peacekeeping; racism, the global economy; women, children, and the family; conflict and cooperation over the environment. Guest lecturers will offer their expertise on particular case studies related to the topic. In the final weeks of the semester, students will be asked to submit a paper and give presentations that address conflict and options for conflict resolution using selected case studies from one of the above topics.

2805. Nationalism and Revolution (3 s.h.)

(Formerly: HISTORY 0104.)

Beginning with the establishment of civil and political rights during the French Revolution, the course will address the relationship of the individual to the nation-state in Western Europe from the French Revolution to World War I. The course will include problematical issues that emerged during this period such as: the Napoleonic wars and the emergence of the modern nation-state; the development of the industrial revolution and its socio-economic impact on members of the working and middle classes; the consolidation of the nation-state and its impact on personal and political freedom. But in addition to considering the expansion of liberal political developments in the West, the course will consider the effects of imperialism on Asian and African countries during the final decades of the century. The final unit will consider how nationalism and imperialism contributed to the outbreak of the First World War and to the breakdown of old political states and traditional values in the Western societies.

2806. Colonial North Africa in European History (3 s.h.)

(Formerly: HISTORY 0206.)

The Mediterranean has always been a crossroads between peoples and religions, traversed by commodities, ideas, and conquerors, and it remains so today. Yet at the beginning of the nineteenth century, Europeans increasingly described North Africa - and its people - as starkly foreign, wholly 'other'. This course will examine European and North African interactions over the period of 1798 to the present, with a particular focus on European invasions and colonizations - including Napoleon in Egypt, Lyautey in Morocco, and Mussolini in Libya. How did Europeans shape North African history and how did colonizing North Africa form modern European institutions and ideas? The class will examine these questions by focusing on both sides of the Mediterranean 'divide', including recent debates in Europe on North African immigrants, political invocations of Islam, and Islamophobia.

2811. World War I (3 s.h.)

(Formerly: HISTORY 0106.)

The First World War (1914-1918) did more to shape the history of the 20th century than any other military conflict. It led to the destruction of empires, the outbreak of revolutions, and gave rise to Communism, Fascism and Nazism. The war catapulted the United States into a position of global dominance that it still maintains today. The war also transformed modern arts and culture. This course surveys not just the military history of the conflict, but its political, social, and cultural impact on Europe, the Middle East, the United States, Africa, and Asia. Extensive use is made in this course of primary sources, including soldiers’ diaries, memoirs, poetry, novels, propaganda, and photographs. Research projects will draw upon extensive on-line collections.

2812. World War II (3 s.h.)

(Formerly: HISTORY 0107.)

This course offers a survey of World War II, the largest and most destructive armed conflict in human history, with coverage of its causes and consequences. It utilizes the prism of grand strategy to analyze national policy and military strategy. In addition to detailed descriptions of major military operations, the course will assess the impact that Adolph Hitler, Benito Mussolini, Winston S. Churchill, Joseph Stalin, and Franklin D. Roosevelt had on the war. While this course emphasizes military events and wartime diplomacy, some attention will be paid to the internal politics of the major belligerents and economic factors. There are no prerequisites for this course.

2815. Love, Marriage, and Family (3 s.h.)

(Formerly: HISTORY 0105.)

It is easy to assume that love, marriage, and family go together; but this has not always been the case. These concepts have a history. This course is a comparative examination of love, marriage, and family and the related themes of gender and sexuality in different historical periods and geographical areas. It includes ancient, medieval, and modern texts and materials and covers both western (European and American) and non-western (Asia, Africa, and perhaps Middle Eastern and Latin American) case studies.

Note: Each instructor may place a different emphasis among those topics and regions.

2816. Gender, Class, Nation (3 s.h.)

(Formerly: HISTORY 0156.)

An exploration of social and economic roles of women and men in modern Europe. Comparison of the impact of gender, class, and nationality on middle-class, working-class and peasant women and men in England, France, Germany, Italy, and Russia. The effects of industrialization, nationalism, war, fascism, communism, and the welfare state on women's and men's lives. The evolution of the role of girls and women in the family and the changing status of single and married women in the home and the workplace.

2817. Gender, War, and Society (3 s.h.)

(Formerly: HISTORY 0157.)

In wartime, the traditional organization of society is often radically altered to meet the pragmatic and ideological needs of triumphing in the ongoing conflict. Ideas about gender - i.e., how masculinity and femininity are defined - are frequently subject to radical revision in the context of a society at war. This course examines the European and, to a lesser extent, the American experiences of war during the two World Wars and the intervening 20 year period, to understand how war and ideas of gender are related. Using both primary and secondary source materials, as well as films about World Wars I and II, the course looks at the experiences of men and women on the front lines and on the home front, those who participated in the wars and those who resisted them, those who benefited from war and those who were its victims. The course examines not only how wartime experiences construct and revise ideas about gender, but also how the rhetoric of gender is often used to further wartime aims.

2870. Topics in Women`s History (3 s.h.)

(Formerly: HISTORY 0192.)

Arranged each semester, please consult with the instructor. See the history department website (www.temple.edu/history) for the specific topics offered each semester.

2882. Independent Study (1 to 3 s.h.) SS.

(Formerly: HISTORY 0199.)

Arranged each semester, please consult with the instructor.

2970. Honors Topics in Latin American History (3 s.h.)

(Formerly: HISTORY H195.)

This is an upper division honors course. It focuses on a special topic that changes each term. For more information, please see the history department website at www.temple.edu/history.

3101. Colonial America (3 s.h.)

(Formerly: HISTORY 0265.)

Many important aspects of U.S. society developed significantly before the Revolution. The purpose of this course is to understand better how this society took shape in that formative early era. The first classes deal with some general issues that colonizers faced as they tried to form and develop settlements in North America, and the way the English entered into this process. Then characteristics of how three regions of the colonies evolved are examined: the South, New England, and the Middle Atlantic. The final few weeks of the course take up changes in political life, economics, and culture that all parts of the colonies experienced in the 1700s and which tended to bring them together towards becoming one new nation, though not a nation without differences and conflicts.

3102. American Revolution and Republic, 1754-1789 (3 s.h.)

(Formerly: HISTORY 0266.)

This course examines the transformations in politics, culture and society that we call the American Revolution. What was revolutionary and not revolutionary about the period? What did the Revolution mean to the people who lived through it, and how might the answer be different for different groups of people? What was the relationship between the famous, enduring ideals of the Revolution and the realities of life in late eighteenth century America? And what kind of republic came out of the process? We will also consider the revolution as, among other things, a crisis in the first British empire, the creation of independent states and a nation, a civil war, and a massive slave rebellion, the aftershocks of which reverberated in the nineteenth century.

3103. The Early United States, 1787-1846 (3 s.h.)

(Formerly: HISTORY 0275.)

This course covers the political, social, and cultural history of the U.S. from ratification of the Constitution to the beginnings of the crisis over expansion and slavery. It examines the democratization of politics and the problems of national independence; territorial expansion; economic change; the development of regional, class, religious, racial, ethnic and gendered subcultures; slavery and resistance to slavery; and the new political and reform movements that responded to the era's deep and lasting changes.

3104. 19th Century America (3 s.h.)

(Formerly: HISTORY 0270.)

This is an advanced level history course aimed at giving history majors and students in other disciplines such as English and Political Science an understanding of the changes in American life during the 19th century. This is truly a 'World We Have Lost,' a society dominated by agriculture, but becoming increasingly industrial and urbanized. But even though a visit to the world of 100 years ago is as foreign to contemporary students as the visit by the anthropologist to a non-western culture, the consequence for modern American life is immense. The topics discussed in this course are related to the changes in the United States that promoted its development as a multicultural democracy and an economic superpower.

3105. 20th Century America (3 s.h.)

(Formerly: HISTORY 0271.)

This course analyzes American politics, society and culture in the 20th century. Among the topics to be analyzed are the changing role of the presidency from McKinley to Clinton, progressivism, World War I, the conflictive 1920s, the depression and the New Deal, World War II, affluence in the 1950s, the Cold War, antiCommunism, racism, the civil rights movement, the rebellious 1960s, the war in Vietnam, Nixon, the Great Society, the women's movement and gender issues, the conservative backlash, and the new diversity.

3107. American Cultural History (3 s.h.)

(Formerly: HISTORY 0272.)

This course will not attempt to cover all aspects of American cultural history in one semester. Instead, it will examine some important themes from the 19th and 20th centuries. It will use material drawn from elite and popular sources to explore the meaning of "culture" in a diverse, democratic society. It will ask when and why Americans began to think that there was such a thing as American culture. It will interrogate this culture for some basic elements, taking into account the role of such important features of American life as liberalism, pragmatism, patriotism, consumerism, and modernism as well as the impact of science, technology, the arts, and religion. It will distinguish between public culture, intended for the edification of all, and the private cultures of different subgroups.

3108. Modern American Social History (3 s.h.)

(Formerly: HISTORY 0280.)

The purpose of this course is to provide an overview of the main elements of American social/economic development during the industrial period, approximately 1870-1945, with some attention to the transition to the post-industrial era after World War II. Topics covered include the growth of new industries and changing work conditions, urbanization, class divisions, immigration and black migration, the changing status of women and the family, and the impact of the Great Depression and the New Deal on American life. Both secondary and primary sources, including two important novels with social history themes, are used in the course, and students are required to write an essay (and give an in-class report) that analyzes a specific primary source dealing with one of the aspects of social history covered in the lectures and required readings. The take-home final exam essay also requires that students evaluate sources. Class participation in discussing the readings is also an important part of the course.

3201. California Dreams, California Nightmares (3 s.h.) Core: RS.

(Formerly: HISTORY R164.)

Over the century and a half since California was forcibly incorporated into the United States, it has exercised a powerful role upon the imagination and reality of every generation. California has been, at once, the golden gate of opportunity and the grapes of wrath of the downtrodden; social mobility and the policy of incarceration, the glamour of Hollywood and monotony of tract housing, the high-tech of Silicon Valley and the high-sweat of agricultural labor, the Eden of natural bounty and the ecological disaster of sprawl and smog. This course concentrates on the historical role that categories of race have played in defining by whose means, to whose benefit, and in whose image California's wealth would be produced and consumed. As an intermediate-level history course, this course offers a mix of primary and secondary sources, emphasizes the interaction of multiple causal factors, and encourages students to interpret and to write analytical historical arguments. In addition to discussion, lecture, and common readings, methods of instruction in the course include use of a computer-assisted classroom to provide image and text projections, video clips, and internet linkages.

3211. Development of the Modern American City (3 s.h.)

(Formerly: HISTORY 0278.)

The course examines the way that the American city has undergone two revolutionary changes in the 135 years since the Civil War. In the mid- to late 19th century the city went from a walking city to a streetcar city, altering the basic social and economic geography. Then in the 20th century American cities were transformed from streetcar cities to automobile cities, again revolutionizing the cities' basic geography. The two transformations were rooted in technological innovation in such areas as transportation, power, and building construction. But the changes also depended upon what American urban dwellers chose to make of the technologies. History, by examining the way that American cities have changed in the past, can illuminate what the American city has become and thus can provide insight into the factors that should be taken into account in influencing the future of cities.

3214. North American Environmental History (3 s.h.)

(Formerly: HISTORY 0177.)

Cross Listed with Environmental Studies 3214 (0177).

This course examines the interactions between human societies and the natural world in North America. That relationship is complex: the environment both reflects people`s influences and affects human history. Through lectures, reading, and discussion, participants in this course will examine this reciprocal relationship. Issues to be discussed in the course include Native American management of the environment; the effects of the European ecological invasion; resource exploitation in the industrial era; the foundations of the preservationist and conservationist movements at the beginning of the 20th century; the evolution of 20th century environmentalism; and the historical context of current environmental problems.

3215. Historical Roots of Urban Crime (3 s.h.)

(Formerly: HISTORY 0279.)

The course focuses on two aspects of the history of the underworld of American cities: The first aspect might be called the life within the underworld, or what it means to live the life of a criminal. The course examines how bookmakers or madams run their businesses, how pickpocket gangs pick pockets, how loan sharks collect their money, and what kind of culture and social life characterizes those who are part of the underworld life. The second aspect is the way that underworld activities both reflect and influence the wider society. The course, then, examines the interrelationships of crime, on the one hand, and ethnic groups, neighborhood structure, urban politics, criminal justice institutions, the rise of professional sports, the changing sexual mores of the society, and even such aspects as the changing role of the family and the impact of technology. Crime becomes a prism through which students will learn about the history of American urban society.

3216. Media and American Culture, 1706-Present (3 s.h.)

(Formerly: HISTORY 0127.)

Cross Listed with American Studies 3061 (0127).

This course will explore the role of media in the development of American popular culture, with particular emphasis on the cultural transformations brought about by mass media after 1880. Historical analysis will demonstrate the profound shift in media roles within the past century; from media expressions of popular culture before 1889, to media as generators of popular culture after that point. A by-product of this analysis will be the formulation of a critical definition of mass media in terms of a specific relationship between the media and the audience.

3217. African American Church and Black Liberation (3 s.h.)

(Formerly: HISTORY 0282.)

Race has been and is a central issue in America. Race has played a very important role in the lives of black people and in the history of African Americans. Historically the black church has been a central institution for addressing pressing societal issues that threaten the existence of black people. African Methodism, the first major black Christian organization came into existence as a liberation movement and a protest against racism and segregation in the Christian Church. Utilizing selected historic periods, i.e., ante-bellum, Civil War and Reconstruction, the 1920s and 1930s, and the 1960s, this course will explore the meaning of freedom and liberation as defined by the historic African American church and its leadership, and will examine the different ideologies and strategies employed by church leaders in addressing and resolving issues regarding the individual and collective freedom of black people. American and African American history will be used as the context, for examining issues, events, movements and personalities important to understanding the role and impact of the black church on the development of liberationist black thought and movements during different periods.

3221. Jewish Experience in America (3 s.h.)

(Formerly: HISTORY 0285.)

This course considers the evolution of the Jewish community in the United States from its colonial beginnings to the present day. Topics include the immigrant experiences of various waves of migration, especially from Eastern Europe; the development of the major religious movements within Judaism; the role of Jews in American culture, economy, and politics; relationship between American Jews and Israel; assimilation and identity.

3225. Women in U.S. History (3 s.h.)

(Formerly: HISTORY 0287.)

The principal theme of this course in women's history can be summed up in this phrase: "Unity, Difference, and Diversity: The Search for Sisterhood and Beyond." Working with a textbook, a number of scholarly articles, and documents that come from throughout American history, we will explore the ways in which women have both been affected by, and helped to shape, this nation's history. Our emphasis will be on how women of different socioeconomic backgrounds, races, and ethnic groups have experienced colonization, American expansion, sectionalism, the industrial revolution, urbanization, immigration, war, economic depression, cultural transformations and political change. We will be looking not only at commonalities but also differences among women as well as the conflicts between women and a society based on male supremacy. We will be exploring how race, ethnicity, and class affect the experience of gender.

3228. America's Rise to Globalism (3 s.h.)

(Formerly: HISTORY 0290.)

This course will trace the contours of U.S. foreign policy from its colonial origins through the destruction of the myth of isolationism produced by the attack on Pearl Harbor. Although the syllabus proceeds chronologically, the lectures and readings emphasize thematic continuities and discontinuities. These themes include the ideological, strategic, economic, cultural, and racial influences on America's foreign relations; mission, manifest destiny, and continental expansion; issues of war, peace, and security; crisis management and mismanagement; the closing frontier and imperialism; Wilsonianism and its critics; independent internationalism; and personal versus coalition diplomacy. Because the study of diplomatic history is highly interpretative, and the assigned studies reflect competing interpretations, all students will be expected to question, comment upon, and yes, even criticize the readings and lectures. In doing so, emphasis will be placed on recognizing and assessing the strategies historians employ to collect and use evidence in order to advance arguments. Students will be required to "volunteer" at the start of each session to summarize briefly and cogently the primary issues and arguments covered in the preceding one, and students should be prepared to respond to questions and references to the readings that will be incorporated into each session's lectures.

3229. Superpower America (3 s.h.)

(Formerly: HISTORY 0291.)

This course surveys the history of U.S. foreign relations from World War II to the present. It focuses on the ways that political, economic and cultural forces, both at home and abroad, helped shape America's relationship with the wider world. The course deals with issues such as the American response to the challenge of war; the impact of anti-Communism on American society and foreign policy; the role of economic interests in shaping U.S. foreign policy; and the creation of the national security state during the Cold War. This course shows the many ways that the United States has deployed its power during what is often called the American Century.

3280. Topics in American History (3 s.h.)

(Formerly: HISTORY 0329.)

Arranged each semester, please consult with the instructor. See the history department website (www.temple.edu/history) for the specific topics offered each semester.

3311. Greek History (3 s.h.) SS.

(Formerly: HISTORY 0235.)

The Greek History survey begins with the Bronze Age and ends shortly after the Peloponnesian Wars. Students will read a narrative history, a study of the art in historical context, and a selection of the ancient literary sources upon which our knowledge is based. Strong emphasis is placed on the archaeological material and how it is used to augment the literary sources. The philosophical and cultural achievements of ancient Greece will be put in historical context.

3312. Roman History (3 s.h.)

(Formerly: HISTORY 0236.)

This survey of Roman History begins with the foundation of Rome in the 8th century B.C. and ends with the founding of the Christian capital of the Empire at Constantinople. Students will read a narrative history, a study of various aspects of Roman society and culture, and a selection of the ancient sources upon which our knowledge is based. Archaeological material will be used to augment the literary sources. The influence of Rome on later Western Civilization in government and law will be studied as well as its role in determining the foundation of Christianity.

3315. Becoming England: Narrating the Medieval Nation (3 s.h.)

(Formerly: HISTORY 0371.)

Prerequisite: Any one 2000-level course in History.

How are nations invented and notions of national identity imagined? This course will explore the cultural, political and technological strategies whereby an identity called Englishness and a nation called England came to be forged on an island amidst a mosaic of ethnic communities speaking different languages and subject to waves of conquest. We will study how this notion of Englishness became a powerful force in attempts to colonize the British Isles (Ireland, Wales, Scotland) and beyond.

3321. Irish History (3 s.h.)

(Formerly: HISTORY 0141.)

Irish and Irish American culture, society, religion, and problems associated with minority status and oppression. Special questions relating to the changing structure of family ties and women and related issues; Irish American consciousness as exemplified by support over the recent troubles in Northern Ireland. The recent and dramatic improvements in the standard of living in the Republic and the growing disparity amongst the urban Irish will serve to complete this study.

3331. History of England (3 s.h.)

(Formerly: HISTORY 0144.)

How the kingdom of England was created and how its government evolved from a feudal monarchy to a constitutional democracy that has been a model for other countries, especially the United States. How England became the first industrial nation and how its society and culture responded to this change.

3332. Historic Britain, 1688-1815 (3 s.h.)

(Formerly: HISTORY 0253.)

This course examines British history from the "Glorious Revolution" of 1688 through the end of the Napoleonic Wars in 1815. Using a variety of primary and secondary sources, including novels, the course will examine the debates and arguments that contributed to the establishment of the modern industrialized nation-state in Britain. The course examines such important events as the industrial revolution and its implications for Britain and the world, the development of a constitutional parliamentary form of government which was important for the nascent United States, as well as for Britain, the development of mass politics and radical politics, and Britain's involvement in European and world affairs.

3333. Modern Britain: Empire, War, Rock and Roll (3 s.h.)

(Formerly: HISTORY 0254.)

This course examines the history of Britain from the end of the Napoleonic Wars in 1815 until the present. Using a variety of historical sources, including primary and secondary historical sources, as well as novels and journalistic reportage, the course looks at the critical questions that have faced Britain and have influenced world history over the course of the 19th and 20th centuries. Among the issues to be examined are the development of mass politics, and the inclusion of the working classes and women in the British polity, the development and Thatcherite decline of the welfare state, the construction and demise of the British Empire, Britain's military and diplomatic roles in the two world wars, and position in the emerging European Union. The course examines these questions from a variety of different angles, including political, cultural, economic and social.

3341. French Revolution and Napoleon (3 s.h.)

(Formerly: HISTORY 0244.)

This course will treat the history of the French Revolution from the mid 18th century through the Napoleonic era (1750-1821). Material in the course will address varied interpretations of the revolution from classical Marxist to more recent cultural, feminist, and post-modern perspectives on the subject. In addition to various texts on the revolution, the course also includes a detailed discussion of Napoleon Bonaparte's military and political career with due consideration given to the French empire and its impact on the subsequent political configuration of 19th century Europe.

3342. Revolutionary Europe (3 s.h.)

(Formerly: HISTORY 0245.)

This course treats major social, political, and cultural revolutions that occurred in Europe during the modern period (1789-1989). By addressing specific revolutions, the class will attempt to discern some patterns in the causes and occurrence of revolutionary events. More precisely, the course will consider historical factors related to the outbreak of revolutions due to rural economics, industrial transformation, class conflict, commercial changes, and ideological influence prior to or during revolutionary periods. Specific topics include: the French Revolution; the Industrial Revolution and Revolutions of 1848; the French Commune; the Russian Revolution, and the social and cultural revolutions of the 30’s.

3343. Getting Crusaded: Making Europe/Making Orientalism (3 s.h.)

(Formerly: HISTORY 0241.)

Prerequisite: sophomore standing/24 credit hours of college work.

Some historians contend that the history of medieval Crusading movements is an overdone cliche of 19th-century European historiography; other historians argue that such movements were violently constitutive of the formation of Europe. We will explore these contrasting claims by focusing on the following questions: How can we talk critically about historiographical cliche? How did Christians come to fabricate an imaginary territorial space called the `Holy Land` and then imagine that it required Christian military defense? How did medieval Christians paradoxically link the notion of a perpetual peace of God to perpetual holy war? How did the Pope in Rome become an imperial monarch capable of controlling holy wars? How did medieval Christians create an imaginary world of Saracens (their word for Muslims) to which they attached sexualized fantasies of pollution and aggression? How did Western Christendom come to bundle together Eastern Christians, Jews, heretics, and pagans with `Saracens` as enemies of Christendom that must be destroyed?

3344. Love, Money, War: Medieval Style (3 s.h.)

(Formerly: HISTORY 0252.)

Counting money, accounting for debt, managing the budget - could such simple everyday practices actually be forces for transformation that change the way we think about embodiment, space, time, love, violence, power? This course will explore the world of the English royal treasury in the 12th century. At that time royal accountants invented new financing techniques. We will explore these fiscal inventions and then trace their ripples throughout society from the ways English kings made love, waged war, legislated law, and exercised rights over bodies, especially the Jews residing in England at this time. We will study how technologies can work not only as tools, but also as weapons. Thus, the question of violence and technology is central to our study.

3351. Rome and Italy: Renaissance to the Present (3 s.h.)

(Formerly: HISTORY 0145.)

A broad survey of Italian history from medieval to modern times. Although the unified Italian state is a modern creation little more than a century old, Italy gave birth to Europe's first urban civilization in its glorious renaissance cities. Italy finally achieved unity and played a major role in European affairs, which unfortunately included two world wars and the fascist dictatorship of Benito Mussolini. More than is the case with most countries Italian history is the history of its great cities like Rome, Florence, Venice, and Milan. We will focus on those centers, especially Rome, which is also the home of the Popes whose role in Italian and world history is immense, and Florence, the home of great artists and such great modern figures as Dante, Machiavelli, and Galileo.

3352. Roman Archaeology (3 s.h.)

(Formerly: HISTORY 0309.)

In this course, students will discuss and examine the physical remains of Roman culture, and explore the ways these artifacts affect the study of history. After looking at the Greek and Etruscan contributions to Rome life and a brief look at the limited remains from Republican Rome, the material from the Roman Empire will be surveyed. Special attention will be paid to architecture, city planning and sculpture. Detailed examination of the ruins from the cities of Rome, Pompeii, Herculaneum and Ostia will comprise the bulk of the course. Students will be expected to do some work at area museums.

3361. Early Russian Empire, 1547-1905 (3 s.h.)

(Formerly: HISTORY 0257.)

This course will examine many of the dramatic political and social events of the construction of Russian empire from the 16th century to the Revolt of 1905. Major attention will be paid to peasant issues, the role of the intelligentsia, and international competition.

3362. Russia: Nationality and Empire (3 s.h.)

(Formerly: HISTORY 0146.)

This course examines factors and events that shaped Russia’s history between 1700 and 1917. Special focus is on the role of “enlightened” autocracy, the rise of bureaucratic state, and spread of Western values, but also on various forms and ways of popular resistance, from peasant’s rebellions to Populists and revolutionaries. Another emphasis is on placing Russian history in a broader context of modern European history, Enlightenment, liberalism, and progressivism. Lectures and reading projects are complimented by wide use of multimedia and internet resources, films and music.

3363. Russia: Revolution, State, and Empire (3 s.h.)

(Formerly: HISTORY 0258.)

This course focuses on the rise and fall of the Soviet Union, from the Russsian Revolution of 1917 until the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991. It deals with major factors and events, including Communism, two world wars, and the Cold War, that shaped Soviet history. The course explores Soviet impact on European and world developments, and Soviet motives in confrontation with the United States. Reading and lectures are complimented with multi-media and internet sources, discussions and individual presentations.

3411. Belief and Society in Pre-Modern Europe (3 s.h.)

(Formerly: HISTORY 0238.)

An examination of changes in belief systems (both religious and ideological) and their impact on, and influence by, the society around them. The course will focus especially on beliefs as understood and interpreted by the wider society, not just a few intellectuals. Focus is on diversity of belief and practice within an overwhelmingly, but not monolithically, Christian society.

3412. Power and Conflict in Pre-Modern Europe (3 s.h.)

(Formerly: HISTORY 0239.)

An examination of the kinds of power struggles that took place in Europe during the medieval and early modern period, and the military, legal, and other means used to resolve them. Struggles among monarchs and territorial magnates; the Crusades; heresy and its suppression; religious wars; and much more local and personal disputes as well.

3413. Getting Medieval: Gender, Sex, and Power (3 s.h.)

(Formerly: HISTORY 0240.)

Prerequisite: 24 hours of college credit/sophomore standing.

Cross Listed with Womens Studies 3241 (0240).

Does Europe have a sex? Can everyday gender normativity be politically constitutive and also the occasion of excessive violence? To answer these questions we will study what bodies mattered in pre-modern Christian Europe and think about the fate of bodies that did not matter. This course explores different strategies of constructing masculinities and femininities in pre-modern Christian Europe and asks who/what had the power to universalize and discipline such fabrications. We will study how the papacy and medieval monarchies regulated gender and sexuality among Christians and also between Christians, Jews, Muslims and so-called `pagans` from c 500 CE to 1500 CE and in so doing creating a powerful political notion of a territorial `inside` called Europe.

3414. Antigone and the Limits of Sovereignty (3 s.h.)

(Formerly: HISTORY 0261.)

The corpse of a young warrior lies stinking in the sun, prey to birds and animals. The head of state has proclaimed a death sentence on whomever would dare to attempt its burial. To whom does the corpse belong? How does one speak out against sovereign force? The rotting corpse goes to the heart of sovereign power and its limits. How does the shameful rotting corpse tell a story about politics, technology, and the construction of the human and the inhumane? Sophocles` Greek tragedy, performed in 442 BCE, posed this question at the height of imperial power in Athens. At other times of political crisis great poets and dramatists have used the play, `Antigone`, to remind us again of the limits of sovereign power. We will read Sophocles` `Antigone` and study how translations and rewriting of the play have occurred during periods of political emergency in Periclean Athens, during the `terror` of French Revolution, in the aftermath of Holocaust, in the shadow of South African apartheid. How have dramatists such as Sophocles, Francis Hoelderlin, Bertolt Brecht, Athol Fugard used `Antigone` to reflect on sovereignty? We will read and compare these different renderings of `Antigone` alongside the recent work of the philosophers Alain Badiou and Giorgio Agamben who have urgently questioned once again the relation of the state to `nature` and have asked us once again to pause and consider the relation of evil to `business as usual`.

3422. Art, Culture, and European Societies (3 s.h.)

(Formerly: HISTORY 0242.)

This course examines the shift from elitist forms of representation in the arts to the increased popularization (and democratization) of European politics and culture from the 18th to the 20th centuries. Using both contextual (historical) and formal (art historical) tools for analysis, the class will trace stylistic changes in art, literature, music and the press. More specifically, this includes a consideration of political propaganda and neoclassicism during the revolutionary epoch to romanticism, realism, impressionism, and expressionism concurrent with the establishment and commercial expansion of the modern nation state. Additionally, the course will consider the 'democratization' (or popularization) of visual and material culture through the lithographic press, the daily newspaper, photography, and poster publicity. The concluding unit will incorporate visual propaganda in particular European countries during the perilous decades that preceded and followed World War I.

3425. Europe and the Other (3 s.h.)

(Formerly: HISTORY 0237.)

Modern society is not the first to deal with issues of racial, ethnic, religious, gender, or sexual difference. This course explores European interactions during the late antique, medieval, and early modern periods with those they saw as different: either outside their society (from the early Roman encounters with the barbarians to the European explorations in Africa and the "New World") or within (Jews, Muslims, women, the poor, dissidents, and deviants).

3431. Women's Lives in Modern Europe (3 s.h.) SS.

(Formerly: HISTORY 0243.)

This course treats issues related to women’s status and power in Modern European History from the 18th century to the present. The emphasis of the course will be on the experiences of women in England, France, Germany, and Russia where significant economic and political changes have occurred in the past few centuries. The purpose of this course is to discuss important issues that women have confronted in the past, and that continue to influence problems that women face today such as: personal, economic, and political power, education, sexuality, psychology, and social esteem, women's position in the home and workplace plus the continuing question of conventional versus unconventional gender roles in Western Societies. To supplement a general text and several published sources in European history, students will be reading memoirs and essays written by women on economic, political, and social issues pertaining to women, work, and the family during the past two centuries.

3433. Blood and Iron: 19th Century European Diplomacy (3 s.h.)

(Formerly: HISTORY 0246.)

This course will be a survey of the history of European diplomacy from the wars of the French Revolution until the outbreak of World War I in 1914. Modern warfare, nationalism, and tremendous economic, social, and technological upheaval shaped the 19th century and fundamentally altered the way nation-states interacted. Therefore, we cannot be content in this course to study the biographies of Metternich, Napoleon III, Bismarck, and other great diplomats of the 19th century, though they will receive due attention. In order to explain the events that in many ways laid the groundwork for the world situation in our own time, we will examine cultural and intellectual movements, military and scientific innovations, and political and social changes that still affect the way nations conduct diplomacy.

3434. Cold War from the Other Side: The Communist Countries and International History, 1945-1991 (3 s.h.)

(Formerly: HISTORY 0293.)

The course will explore the history of the Cold War from the perspective of the main US adversaries in the Cold War: the Sovient Union and China. Also, the course provides secondary themes, covering the motives and actions of other communist countries, including Eastern European countries, Vietnam and Cuba

3435. Military Strategy and Policy (3 s.h.)

(Formerly: HISTORY 0208.)

This class develops students' comparative analytical skills in the identification and comprehension of historical arguments at the same time that it examines the multiple causal factors that have shaped warfare over the last two thousand years.

3438. Post-Colonial Europe: Decolonization and After (3 s.h.)

(Formerly: HISTORY 0307.)

At the end of World War II, European states still controlled vast overseas empires, which very soon afterwards disappeared. This course examines how the decolonization of these empires shaped political, cultural and intellectual events and developments in Europe's recent past. We will focus on Great Britain and France, the two most important imperial states, but also look at other countries that lost their empires in these years, such as the Netherlands and Portugal. We will think about why empire was so important to these countries as well as why their political leaders and historians sought to erase this importance. Our topics will range from efforts to redefine foreign relations after empire to 'post-colonial' immigration and the emergence of 'multicultural' European nation-states. We will look at the cultural effects of immigration and how European political activists drew inspiration from anti-colonial movements.

3480. Topics in European History (3 s.h.)

(Formerly: HISTORY 0328.)

Arranged each semester, please consult with the instructor. See the history department website (www.temple.edu/history) for the specific topics offered each semester.

3511. Southern Africa: A History (3 s.h.)

(Formerly: HISTORY 0212.)

This course deals with the history of Southern Africa focusing on South Africa. It also includes the history of Angola, Mozambique, Namibia, Zambia, and Zimbabwe. A good part of the course deals with a detailed study of the history of apartheid in South Africa from its inception to its political demise in 1994. It also deals with the history of African resistance against the Dutch-British racial order. Some of the themes of the course include: African societies in Southern Africa; European slave traders, settlers, and colonizers (Portuguese, Dutch, British, and German); racism and apartheid in South Africa and Southern Africa at large; African nationalism and the struggle against white domination; the demise of Portuguese colonialism in Angola and Mozambique; the political demise of apartheid and post-apartheid Southern Africa.

3521. The Chinese Revolution (3 s.h.)

(Formerly: HISTORY 0217.)

This course is a general introduction to the Chinese Revolution (1921-49) from the perspective of sociopolitical history. Special emphasis on: the internal historical trends and external (semi-colonialist) interventions which shaped the struggle for revolutionary change in the twentieth century; conditions in the countryside on the eve of revolution; the urban and rural contours of the Communist Movement; the evolution of Mao Zedong's thought; and revolutionary process and dynamics.

3522. Contemporary China (3 s.h.)

(Formerly: HISTORY 0218.)

This course examines society, the state, and popular politics in the Peoples' Republic of China from 1949 to the present. Special emphasis on: revolutionary transformation and socialist construction during the Maoist years (1949-79); the postsocialist trajectory and its critique over the last two decades.

3531. Modern India (3 s.h.)

(Formerly: HISTORY 0219.)

Beginning with some of the basic social structures of village India, we move on to study changes introduced by the British during 200 years of colonial rule. An analysis of anti-imperial nationalism, headed by Gandhi, leads in turn to the study of India since independence in 1947, with special attention to international relations, non-governmental organizations, the politics of religious militance, and the causes and consequences of India’s opening to the global economy.

3541. Japan Today (3 s.h.)

(Formerly: HISTORY 0220.)

This course examines important social, political, and economic trends in Japan from 1945 to the 1990s through lecture, discussion, audio-visual materials, and group oral reports. Topics include the Occupation, the "economic miracle," state and society, the world of work, women, and gender, international relations, impact of affluence, post-bubble Japan, and varying approaches to the study of postwar Japanese history and society.

3542. Women and Society in Japan (3 s.h.)

(Formerly: HISTORY 0221.)

Cross Listed with Asian Studies 3542 (0315), Women`s Studies 3542 (0250).

This course analyzes the changing position of women in Japanese society from ancient times to the present. Through discussions, lectures, and audiovisual materials, students learn about goddesses, female diviners, empresses, the classical female writers, women in warrior culture, women in industrializing Japan, and Japanese women`s movements.

3551. History of Vietnam (3 s.h.)

(Formerly: HISTORY 0222.)

Cross Listed with Asian Studies 3551 (0312).

Emphasizing cultural, social, and economic factors, the course traces Vietnamese history from its mythological origins to the 21st century. Topics include indigenous social formations, the period of Chinese domination, the rise of independent Vietnamese dynasties, the French colonial era, the Vietnamese Revolution, and the three Indochina Wars, including the Vietnam Conflict in the 20th century. It will close with consideration of life under the current Socialist Republic of Vietnam.

3556. Vietnam, 1945-1992: Resistance, War and Society (3 s.h.)

(Formerly: HISTORY 0317.)

Prerequisite: One 2000-level and one 3000-level course in the History Department.

First known as the Democratic Republic of Vietnam, today`s Socialist Republic of Vietnam was created in the wave of nationalism which swept through Southeast Asia at the end of the War in the Pacific in 1945. This course examines the internal and external forces which shaped the new state, paying close attention to the role of the communist party. We will use books based on recent archival research, mainly in Vietnam and France, to attempt to move beyond the ideological history and prejudices of the Cold War. Vietnam provides a fascinating case study of a country which was both strongly influenced by the Cold War, but which at the same time itself had a strong influence on the course of international history.

3561. History of Brazil (3 s.h.)

(Formerly: HISTORY 0225.)

Brazil is one of the world's largest nations being inferior in territorial size only to the United States, Russia, and China. With more than 150,000,000 people, Brazil is second in population among western hemisphere nations to the United States, and far larger than any Latin American nation. Brazilians can claim national unity solidly based on a common language and common cultural heritage. Brazilians are descended from Native Americans, Africans, and Europeans, but can claim a recent history relatively free of ethnic or racial strife. Brazil is rich in natural resources, and has one of the world's few natural resource frontiers. Finally, Brazil continues to produce outstanding architects, artists, writers, composers, social scientists and legal intellectuals, religious and political leaders, entrepreneurs and athletes. At the same time, persistent problems block Brazilian development. They include widespread racism and class bias, excessive dependence on foreign capital and technology, a shamefully inadequate public school system, a perverse distribution of income that favors the wealthy, and fragile democratic institutions. After 500 years of history, Brazilians have immense tasks before them, while the promise of national greatness remains unfulfilled.

3563. Puerto Rican History (3 s.h.)

(Formerly: HISTORY 0226.)

This course explores particular issues related to the political, economic, and social development of Puerto Rico with special emphasis given to the 19th and 20th centuries. The course will not only address historical paragons but also questions of interpretations. In each class a combination of readings, discussion, lectures, and videos will be used to view the various issues in a comprehensive manner.

3564. Caliban`s World: Cultural Politics in the 20th Century Americas (3 s.h.)

(Formerly: HISTORY 0355.)

Prerequisite: One 1000-level and one 2000-level course in the History Department.

This course considers the history of struggles for decolonization primarily but not exclusively in the Americas during the 20th century. It focuses particularly on the uses of `culture` and the significance of creative expression in movements dedicated to dismantling the hegemony of the `West`. From writers wrestling with Shakespeare`s Tempest to musicians arranging artful ways to `curse`, we examine texts, music and films in which people work to imagine a world beyond colonialism.

3571. Israel: History, Politics and Society (3 s.h.)

(Formerly: HISTORY 0230.)

Cross Listed with Jewish Studies 3571 (0331).

This course traces the political and social history of modern Israel/Palestine since the late 19th century, examining the evolution of Zionism; the relationship between Jews and Muslims; the conflict between Zionists and Arabs; the development of the Jewish settlement in Palestine; and the creation of the State of Israel. It explores Israeli politics, society and identity, especially the role of immigration, ethnicity and religion, and also discusses the wars and tensions between Israel and neighboring Arab states; the status of the Arab/Palestinian minority in Israel; and the growth of Palestinian nationalism, the PLO and Hamas. Through studying Israeli history, politics and society this course helps students gain an understanding of the ongoing conflict in the Middle East.

3572. Modern Middle East (3 s.h.)

(Formerly: HISTORY 0231.)

This course surveys the history of the modern Middle East, analyzing some of the great controversies of the region. How the modern Middle East arose, why so many conflicts in the region in modern times have taken place, why the Great Powers have been so involved, and how the struggles of the working class have fared are among the questions to be addressed.

3580. Topics in Asian History (3 s.h.)

(Formerly: HISTORY 0325.)

Arranged each semester, please consult with the instructor. See the history department website (www.temple.edu/history) for the specific topics offered each semester.

3675. Third World Women's Lives (3 s.h.)

(Formerly: HISTORY 0202.)

Explores the themes of imperialism, colonialism, class, race, interlocking oppressions, commitments to family and community, migration, resistance/insurgency/revolution, collective action, memory, and alternative visions as crossroads of identities in Third World women's lives. Utilizes a variety of source materials with emphasis on the voices of Third World women themselves (testimonies, oral interviews, and documentary visual media). Compares these life texts to those of other working women as they speak to the experiences of being women of color or poor white women in a late capitalist world. Develops the tools for understanding the experiences and perspectives of diverse groups of women to create liberating ways of thinking and living.

3696. Asian Women in Transition (3 s.h.) Core: WI.

(Formerly: HISTORY W215.)

Cross Listed with American Studies 2097 (W153), Asian Studies 3696 (W317), Women`s Studies 4696 (W249).

This course introduces and compares the experiences of women in Asia and Asian women in migration to the United States in the modern period, including rural and urban women, and ordinary and elite women in the late 19th and 20th centuries. Topics include women in households, women and work, and women`s activism.

3711. The City in History (3 s.h.)

(Formerly: HISTORY 0200.)

Cross Listed with GUS 3005 (0200).

From Catal Huyuk and Sumer to Florence and Xian to Manchester and Ahmedabad to Los Angeles and Mexico City we examine the significance of the city in the economic, political, social, and cultural life of our planet. Why and how have people created such different kinds of cities? What interest groups have dominated them? What strategies have planners proposed for making them more liveable? For whom? How can studies of cities in other times and places help us understand our own cities? Extensive use of visual materials and some field trips.

3721. Women in Preindustrial Societies (3 s.h.)

(Formerly: HISTORY 0201.)

Women's experience in the preindustrial period varied greatly across different regions of the globe, yet there were also important commonalities. This course examines comparatively, in various traditional European and Third World societies, some important themes in women's history: work, sexuality, marriage, social control, science and medicine, and religion. It also discusses ways of studying the history of people who were for the most part not literate and left few traces of their own thoughts and experiences.

3741. Comparative Slavery (3 s.h.)

(Formerly: HISTORY 0204.)

This course deals with the study of comparative slavery in four distinct historical-cultural domains: Ancient Greece, "New World" slavery, Arab-Ottoman Islamic civilizations, and Africa. The course analyzes the four locales separately, and compares similarities in the general structure of slave societies as well as differences in their details. Issues pertaining to manumission or the lack of it and integration of ex-slaves into the larger society will be discussed.

3751. Colonialism and Decolonization (3 s.h.)

(Formerly: HISTORY 0205.)

This course looks at the decline and fall of the modern European empires. It adopts a case study method to allow students to acquire in-depth knowledge of the colonial and post-colonial environment in four distinct regions of the world: Indonesia, North Africa, India and West Africa/Britain. The course examines the cultural construction of colonialism in Indonesia and North Africa, examining such issues as relations between the colonizers and the colonized peoples in terms of race and gender, construction of an imperial architecture and environment, and modes of resistance to the imperial project. Moving to India, the course looks at the rise of colonial nationalism, including the various discourses and tactics that are implemented to resist, modify, and ultimately abolish colonialism. Finally, the course examines the repercussions of imperialism for the contemporary, discussing post-colonial theory and the cultural, economic, political, and demographic effects of de-colonization on both Europe and its former colonies.

3811. World Economy Since 1945 (3 s.h.)

(Formerly: HISTORY 0103.)

At the turn of the millennium, economic globalization is profoundly transforming many long-standing patterns of human existence. Public discussion about globalization, nevertheless, remains often shallow and misleading. This course aims to offer a deeper perspective on the present by examining the experience of the world economy over the formative period since World War II. It concentrates on two basic questions: 1) How did the domestic and global foundations of the current world economy come into being over the last half century? And 2) What are the implications of this historical process for our immediate and future lives? As an intermediate level course, it assumes no prior student backgrounds in either history or economics--only a lively interest in learning about broad historical trends and in developing intellectual skills. In addition to discussion, lecture, and common readings, methods of instruction in the course include use of a computer-assisted classroom to provide image and text projections, video clips, and internet linkages.

3860. Topics in World History (3 s.h.)

(Formerly: HISTORY 0190.)

Arranged each semester, please consult with the instructor. See the history department website (www.temple.edu/history) for the specific topics offered each semester.

3870. Topics in World History (3 s.h.)

(Formerly: HISTORY 0321.)

Arranged each semester, please consult with the instructor. See the history department website (www.temple.edu/history) for the specific topics offered each semester.

3880. Topics in Comparative History (3 s.h.)

(Formerly: HISTORY 0320.)

Arranged each semester, please consult with the instructor. See the history department website (www.temple.edu/history) for the specific topics offered each semester.

3911. World Economy Since 1945 (3 s.h.)

(Formerly: HISTORY H193.)

At the turn of the millennium, economic globalization is profoundly transforming many long-standing patterns of human existence. Public discussion about globalization, nevertheless, remains often shallow and misleading. This course aims to offer a deeper perspective on the present by examining the experience of the world economy over the formative period since World War II. It concentrates on two basic questions: 1) How did the domestic and global foundations of the current world economy come into being over the last half century? And 2) What are the implications of this historical process for our immediate and future lives? As an intermediate level course, the World Economy Since 1945 it assumes no prior student backgrounds in either history or economics--only a lively interest in learning about broad historical trends and in developing intellectual skills. In addition to discussion, lecture, and common readings, methods of instruction in the course include use of a computer-assisted classroom to provide image and text projections, video clips, and internet linkages.

4221. The American South (3 s.h.)

(Formerly: HISTORY 0368.)

What makes the South different from the rest of the United States? This seminar will explore the history of the American South from the colonial period to 1900, and it will engage the changing nature and meaning of `southern distinctiveness`. We will focus on the history of slavery and race relations; on gender roles and relations; on sectionalism and the origins of the Civil War; on Reconstruction and the `New South`; and on social, regional, political and ideological divisions within the South.

4282. Independent Study (3 s.h.)

(Formerly: HISTORY 0399.)

Arranged each semester, please consult with the instructor

4289. Fieldwork in History (3 s.h.) SS.

(Formerly: HISTORY 0398.)

Arranged each semester, please consult with the instructor.

4296. American History Writing Seminar (3 s.h.) Core: WI.

(Formerly: HISTORY W386.)

This course will focus on a special topic in U.S. history and assist students in the development of advanced-level skills in historical writing, argumentation, and research. Students will complete a research project during the semester. See the history department website (www.temple.edu/history) for the specific topics offered each semester.

Mode: Seminar format.

4297. Social History of American Medicine (3 s.h.) Core: WI.

(Formerly: HISTORY W370.)

Cross Listed with Environmental Studies 4297 (W258).

This course in the history of public health examines the shifting boundaries between public and private medicine, professional authority and personal responsibility, and prevention and therapy from the colonial period into the 20th century. Specific topics include epidemics, environmental concerns, occupational hazards, immigration, and ethnicity.

4496. Eastern Europe: Nationalism, Authoritarianism, and Communism (3 s.h.) S. Core: WI.

(Formerly: HISTORY W256.)

This course examines the development of nation-states of Eastern Europe in the 20th century, including Poland, Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria and Albania, as well as Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia, and their successor states. Topics include the emergence of national identities; the break-up of the Habsburg, Russian and Ottoman Empires; the redrawing of boundaries and problems of national minorities after World War I; the rise of authoritarian governments during the interwar years; World War II and the Communist takeovers; the varieties of Communist regimes and the impact of Communism on daily life; the post-Communist era and the resurgence of nationalism and authoritarianism in the Balkans. Each student will be expected to specialize in one country or nationality.

4497. European History Writing Seminar (3 s.h.) Core: WI.

(Formerly: HISTORY W387.)

This course will focus on a special topic in European history and assist students in the development of advanced-level skills in historical writing, argumentation, and research. Students will complete a research project during the semester. Seminar format. See the history department website (www.temple.edu/history) for the specific topics offered each semester.

Mode: Seminar format.

4623. Asian Biographies: Traditional and Otherwise (3 s.h.)

(Formerly: HISTORY 0376.)

This course exposes upper-level undergraduates to one of the most important issues in Asian historiography: the uses of biography and autobiography. Both in the Confucian and Islamic traditions the writing of the lives of virtuous men has been central to the establishment of State legitimacy and the transmission of cultural values. (Only rarely have women been included in the pantheon of heroes.) We will examine traditional approaches to biography and autobiography, and then look at how the tradition has evolved and been adapted to the needs of modern states, as well as by civil society. Special attention will be paid to the way in which communist states have modified traditions of biography.

4628. Running Black: Race to Empire (3 s.h.)

(Formerly: HISTORY 0356.)

Prerequisite: One 3000-level course in History.

This course examines the interconnected histories of race- and empire-making since the modern period. From fifteenth-century European explorations in Africa to twentieth-century U.S. invasions in the circum-Caribbean, we analyze how notions of physical, cultural and psychological difference have shaped and been shaped by unequal struggles over rule, authority and self-determination. In the process, we will assess various theoretical approaches pertaining to our topics, from the Marxism of a C.L.R. James to the `Postcolonial` perspective of an Aime Cesaire.

4696. Third World History Writing Seminar (3 s.h.) Core: WI.

(Formerly: HISTORY W388.)

This course will focus on a special topic in Third World history and assist students in the development of advanced level skills in historical writing, argumentation, and research. Students will complete a research project during the semester. See the history department website (www.temple.edu/history) for the specific topics offered each semester.

Mode: Seminar format.

4697. Modern Japan: Empire, War, Society (3 s.h.) Core: WI.

(Formerly: HISTORY W340.)

Cross Listed with Asian Studies 4696 (W311).

Was early modern Japan (1600-1867) static or dynamic? Do the roots of Japan`s modern achievements (1868-1945) lie in her early modern culture? What happened to Japan after the 1868 Meiji Restoration, and why? Was modernity a blessing or a curse? We`ll find answers to questions like these as we survey Japanese society, culture, and events and trends at home and abroad from the Tokugawa shogunate to the Pacific War. Assignments focus on writing a comparative review.

4698. Revolutionary Mexico (3 s.h.) Core: WI.

(Formerly: HISTORY W345.)

México revoltoso or the rebellious quality of Mexican society forms the central theme of this course. Particular emphasis will be devoted to the causes, trajectory, and consequences of the Revolution of 1910 and to the remaking of Mexico from a rural, agrarian society into an industrial, urban member of NAFTA. The course examines the conflict with the U.S. over imperial expansion, the border, migration, and narcotics. It concludes with the Zapatista rebellion in Chiapas, economic restructuring, and the elections of 2006. Instruction takes place through discussion, lecture, reading, and the use of audio-visual and computer equipment.

4896. Jews, Judaism, and the Modern World (3 s.h.) Core: WI.

(Formerly: HISTORY W255.)

This course considers the impact of modernity on Jews and Judaism in Eastern Europe, Western Europe, the United States, and the Middle East. We will discuss the process of emancipation and assimilation; religious reform movements and modern Orthodoxy; the emergence of the Jewish "New Woman"; the involvement of Jews in liberalism, socialism and communism; the evolution of Zionism and the State of Israel; modern anti-Semitism and the Holocaust; and the complex issues relating to modern Jewish identity.

4934. Historiography and Research Methods (3 s.h.)

(Formerly: HISTORY H380.)

This course is designed for upper-level history Honors majors, and for upper-level students more generally who are working on research projects that involve historical inquiry. The course has as a starting point three fundamental questions: 1) how do historians frame meaningful research problems? 2) what kinds of basic tools do historians use to carry out archival research? 3) how do they craft persuasive arguments? The precise topic of the course varies from year to year, but students will be able to pursue research topics of their own design. History Honors majors will use this course to develop the topic of the their Honors Thesis.

4935. Honors Thesis Seminar (3 s.h.)

(Formerly: HISTORY H397.)

Prerequisite: History 4934 (H380).

Advanced-level examination of the varieties of contemporary historical research and writing. Focus on the kinds of questions contemporary historians investigate and the methods they use in studying issues of change over time. Students will complete a research project during the semester.

4982. Honors Independent Study (3 s.h.)

(Formerly: HISTORY H385.)

Prerequisite: Students must be Honors majors, and must have taken History 4934 (H380) and History 4897 (W397).

The Honors Independent Study is open to History majors pursuing Honors. It consists of an intensive research project, guided by a History Department faculty member, that will result in a significant piece of scholarship.

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